The works of Francis Bacon, lord chancellor of England.

ESSAYS CIVIL AND MORAL. 51
upon. In the upper gallery, too, I wish that there satyrian, with the white flower; herba muscaria,
may be, if the place will yield it, some fountains lilium convallium, the apple-tree in blossom. In
running in divers places from the wall, with some July come gilliflowers of all varieties, musk-roses,
fine avoidances. And thus much for the model the lime-tree in blossom, early pears, and plums,
of the palace; save that you must have, before in fruit, genitings, codlins. In August come
you come to the front, three courts; a green court plums, of all sorts in fruit, pears, apricots, barplain, with a wall about it; a second court of the berries, filberds, muskmelons, monkshoods, of
same, but more garnished with little turrets, or all colours. In September come grapes, apples,
rather embellishments, upon the wall; and a third poppies of all colours, peaches, melocotones, neccourt, to make a square with the front, but not to tarines, cornelians, wardens, quinces. In October
be built, nor yet enclosed with a naked wall, but and the beginning of November come services,
enclosed with terraces leaded aloft, and fairly medlars, bullaces, roses cut or removed to come
garnished on the three sides; and cloistered on late, hollyoaks, and such like. These particulars
the inside with pillars, and not with arches below. are for the climate of London; but my meaning
As for offices, let them stand at distance, with is perceived, that you may have "ver perpetuum,"
some low galleries to pass from them to the palace as the place affords.
itself. And because the breath of flowers is far sweeter
in the air (where it comes and goes, like the
XJ]VI. OF GARDENS. warbling of music) than in the hand, therefore
nothing is more fit for that delight, than to know
GOD ALMIGHTY first planted a garden; and, what be the flowers and plants that do best perindeed, it is the purest of human pleasures; it is fume the air. Roses, damask and red, are fast
the greatest refreshment to the spirits of man; flowers of their smells; so that you may walk
without which buildings and palaces are but gross by a whole row of them, and find nothing of their
handiworks; and a man shall ever see, that, sweetness; yea, though it be in amorning's dew.
when ages grow to civility and elegancy, men Bays, likewise, yield no smell as they grow,
come to build stately, sooner than to garden finely; rosemary little, nor sweet marjoram; that which,
as if gardening were the greater perfection. I do above all others, yields the sweetest smell in the
hold it in the royal ordering of gardens, there air, is the violet, especially the white double
ought to be gardens for all the months in the year, violet, which comes twice a year, about the midin which, severally, things of beauty may be then die of April, and about Bartholomew-tide. Next
in season. For December, and January, and the to that is the musk-rose; then the strawberrylatter part of November, you must take such leaves dying, with a most excellent cordial smell;
things as are green all winter: holly, ivy, bays, then the flower of the vines, it is a little dust like
juniper, cypress-trees, yew, pineapple-trees, fir- the dust of a bent, which grows upon the cluster
trees, rosemary, lavender; periwinkle, the white, in the first coming forth; then sweetbrier, then
the purple, and the blue; germander, flag, orange- wallflowers, which are very delightful to be set
trees, lemon-trees, and myrtles, if they be stoved; under a parlour or lower chamber window; then
and sweet marjoram, warm set. There followeth, pinks and gilliflowers, especially the matted pink
for the latter part of January and February, the and clove gilliflower; then the flowers of the limemezereon-tree, which then blossoms; crocus ver- tree; then the honeysuckles, so they be somewhat
nus, both the yellow and the gray; primroses, afar off. Of bean-flowers I speak not, because
anemones, the early tulip, the hyacinthus orien- they are field flowers; but those which perfume
talis,-chamairis fritellaria. For March, there come the air most delightfully, not passed by as the
violets, especially the single blue, which are the rest, but being trodden upon and crushed, are
earliest; the yellow daffodil, the daisy, the three, that is, burnet, wild thyme, and watermints;
almond-tree in blossom, the peach-tree in blossom, therefore you are to set whole alleys of them, to
the cornelian-tree in blossom, sweetbrier. In have the pleasure when you walk or tread.
April follow the double white violet, the wall- For gardens, (speaking of those which are, inflower, the stock-gilliflower, the cowslip, flower- deed, prince-like, as we have done of buildings,)
de-luces, and lilies of all natures; rosemary-flow- the contents ought not well to be under thirty
ers, the tulip, the double peony, the pale daffodil, acres of ground, and to be divided into three parts;
the French honeysuckle, the cherry-tree in blos- a green in the entrance, a heath, or desert, in the
som, the damascene and plum-trees in blossom, going forth, and the main garden in the midst,
the white thorn in leaf, the lilac-tree. In May besides alleys on both sides; and, I like well,
and June come pinks of all sorts, especially the that four acres of ground be assigned to the green,
blush-pink; roses of all kinds, except the musk, six to the heath, four and four to either side, and
which comes later; honeysuckles, strawberries, twelve to the main garden. The green hath two
bugloss, columbine, the French marigold, flos pleasures; the one, because nothing is more pleaAfricanus, cherry-tree in fruit, ribes, figs in fruit,' sant to the eye than green grass kept finely shorn;
rasps, vine-flowers, lavender in flowers, the sweet the other, because it will give you a fair alley in