Encyclopædia americana. A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, a new ed.; including a copious collection of original articles in American biography; on the basis of the 7th ed. of the German Conversations-lexicon. Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth ...

82 BERTHOUD —BERVIC.
BERTHOUD, Ferdinand, celebrated for BERTRAND, Henri Gratien, count; genhis marine chronometers, born at Plance- eral of division, aid-de-camp of Napoleon,
nont, in the county of Neufchatel, in grand naarshal of the palace, &c.; famous
1727, was destined for the church, but, fbr his attachment to Napoleon, whom he
at the age of 16, conceived an irresistible and his family voluntarily accompanied
inclination for mechanics. His father to St. Helena.:He was born of parents
caused him to be instructed in the art of in the middle ranks of life, entered the
watchmaking, and, to afford him an op- military service, distinguished himself in
portunity of perfecting his knowledge, the corps of engineers, and rose to the
sent him to Paris. He resided in that post of general of brigade. In the camp
city from 1745, and there made his first at Boulogne, in 1804, Napoleon had ocmarine chronometers, which have been casion to become acquainted with his
used, by French navigators, on so many worth. From that time B. was with him
occasions, for extending and correcting in all his campaigns, signalizing himself
geographical knowledge. Hie left several every where, especially at Austerlitz,
works relating to his art. Ile died in where he was one of the emperor's aides1807. His nephew, Louis B., his pupil, de-camp. In 1806, he took Spandau, a
and the heir of his talents, has extended fortress about 6 or 7 miles from Berlin,
his improvements still further. His chro- after an attack of a few days; and, in
nonmeters are in the hands of almost all 1807, contributed to the victory over the
navigators, and are even more convenient Russians at Friedland, and excited the
than those of his uncle. They are fa- admiration of the enemy by his masterly
mous for accuracy. conduct in building two bridges over the
BERTOLI, Giovanni Domenico, count Danube, after the battle at Aspern, in the
of; born, in 1676, at Moreto, in Friuli; the war of 1809 against Austria. He distinpatriarch of Aquileia, a place where guished himself equally in the campaigns
many antiquities existed, of which nobody of 1812 and 1813, particularly at Lutzen
had taken notice. The inhabitants had and Bautzen. In October, 1813, he deeven been in the habit, for a long time, fended several important posts against
of building their houses with ruins and superior numbers, and, after the battle of
remains of art. To prevent further de- Leipsic, in which he defended Lindenan
struction, B., in conjunction with other against Giulay, conducted the retreat in
men of learning and taste, bought all the good order. After the battle of Hanau,
ancient narbles which were excavated. he covered Mentz till the army had passed
Muratori and Apostolo Zeno encouraged the Rhine. He took part in the campaign
him in his antiquarian researches and of 1814, by the side of Napoleon, whoml
publications. B. died in 1758. His most he accompanied to Elba, returned with
important work is Le /ntichitta di.quileja him, and finally shared his residence in
profane e sacre, Venice, 1739, fol. Some St. Helena. After Napoleol's death (1821),
of his treatises are to be found in the col- he returned from this island to France.
lection of P. Calogera; others in the me- BERTUCH, Frederic Justin, born at
mnoirs of the Societai Columbaria at Flor- Weimar, in 1747, since 1785 counsellor
ence. of legation in the service of the duke
BERTON, Henry liontan; son of Peter of Weimar, has done much in several
Berton, who, when director of the opera branches of literature and the arts, in the
ait Paris, induced Gluck and Piccini to study of which he has been engaged firom
come to Paris. B. was born Dec. 17, his early youth. -Ie is principally known,
1767, in Paris, and formed himself under in foreign countries, by the Geographical
the great masters Gluck, Piccini, Paesi- Institute ( Geographisches Institut) which
ello and Sacchini. When 19 years old, he established at Weimar. This society
he first appeared before the public, as a has published numerous maps, and, in
composer, in the Concert spirituel. When connexion with the periodical paper Gethe conservatory was established, he was ogr'aphische Ephemeriden, conducted by
appointed professor of harmony. In 1807, B. and others, has been of much service
he was made director of the Italian opera, to geography. B., together with Wieland
and afterwards leader of the choir (chef and SchLitz, also projected the ltElgemeine
du chant) at the great imperial opera. He Literaturzeitung, which now appears at
was afterwards employed in Russia by the Halle on the Saale. In 1817, he began
emperor, but soon returned to France. the Oppositionsblatt, which was suppressed
His most famous opera is A1line Reine de by government in 1820.
Golconde. His Montano and Stephanie, BERVIC, Charles Clement, one of the.
also, are distinguished. most distinguished engravers of the