Encyclopædia americana. A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, a new ed.; including a copious collection of original articles in American biography; on the basis of the 7th ed. of the German Conversations-lexicon. Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth ...

64 BERCHTOLD-BERESFORD.
wrote several pamphlets on the means of irritated against him to such a degree,
reforming the police, which he caused to that he retired to the isle of St. Cosmas,
be printed in different European coun- in the neighborhood of Tours, in the year
tries, at his own expense, and to be dis- 1080, where he closed his life at a great
tributed gratis. His prize-questions gave age, in pious exercises (1088). On the
rise to many pamphlets and treatises on history of this controversy, which has
the means of saving the drowned and the been very much misrepresented by the
seemingly dead. He offered a prize of Benedictines, new light has been shed by
1000 florins for the best treatise on be- Lessing, in his Berengar (1770), and by
neficent institutions, and was himself the Staudlin, who has likewise published the
founder of many. From 1795 to 97, he work of B. against Lanfranc. This B.
travelled through Asiatic and European must not be confounded with Peter BeTurkey, chiefly for the purpose of coun- renger of Poitiers, who wrote a defence
teracting the ravages of the plague. At of his instructer Abelard.
a later period, he was engaged in making BERENHORST, Francis Leopold von;
vaccination more extensively known. one of the first of the writers by whom
During the famine that raged in the Rie- the military art has been founded on clear
sengebirge (Giant mountains), fiom 1805 and certain principles. He was a natural
to 1806, he procured corn and other pro- son of prince Leopold of Dessau, and
visions from distant regions. He fitted was born in 1733. In 1760, he became
up the palace Buchlowitz on his estate the adjutant of Frederic II. After the
Buchlau in Moravia, as an hospital for seven years'war, helived at Dessau. He
the sick and wounded Austrian soldiers. died in 1814.
Iere this patriot and philanthropist was BERENICE (Greek, a bringer of victory).
carried off by a contagious nervous fever, 1. This was the name of the wife of
July 26, 1809. Mithridates the Great, king of Pontus.
BERCY; a village on the Seine, at its con- Her husband, when vanquished by Lufluence with the Marne, in the neighbor- cullus, caused her to be put to death
hood of Paris. The Parisian wine-mer- (about the year 71 B. C.), lest she should
chants have here their stores of wine, fall into the hands of his enemies. Mlowine-vinegar, distilled liquors, &c.; so nima, his other wife, and his two sisters,
that the intercourse between B. and the iRoxana and Statira, experienced the same
capital is extremely active. It is increased fate. —2. The wife of Herod, brother to
also by several important tanneries, sugar- the great Agrippa, her father, at whose
refineries and paper-mills. A large pal- request Herod was made king of Chalcis,
ace, Le grand Bercy, was built by Levau by the emperor Claudius, but soon died.
at the close of the 17th century. The In spite of her dissolute life, she insinupark which belongs to it, containing 900 ated herself into the favor of the emperor
acres, was planted by Lenotre. M. de Vespasian and his son Titus. The latter
Calonne was for some time in possession was, at one time, on the point of marrying
of it. The present possessor is M. de her.-3. The wife of Ptolemy Euergetes,
Nicolai. who loved her husband with rare tenderBERENGARIUS, or BERENGER, of Tours, ness, and, when he went to war in Syria,
a teacher in the philosophical school in made a vow to devote her beautiful hair
that city, and, in 1040, archdeacon of An- to the gods, if he returned safe. Upon
gers, is renowned for his philosophical his return, B. performed her vow in the
acuteness as one of the scholastic writers, temple of Venus. Soon after, the hair
and also for the boldness with which, in was missed, and the astronomer Conon
1050, he declared himself against the of Samos declared that the gods had
doctrine of transubstantiation, and for his transferred it to the skies as a constellaconsequent persecutions. He was several tion. From this circumstance, the seven
times compelled to recant, but always stars near the tail of the Lion are called
returned to the same opinion, that the coma Berenices (the hair of Berenice).
bread in the Lord's supper is merely a BERESFORD, William, baron, duke of
symbol of the body of Christ, in which Elvas and marquis of Campo Mayor, for
he agreed with the Scotchman John the ability and courage which he disErigena (called Scotus). The Catholics played in the war of Portugal against
Yanked him among the most dangerous France, is ranked among the distinguishheretics. He was treated with forbear- ed generals of Great Britain. He orance by Gregory VII, but the scholastics ganized the Portuguese army, and also
belonging to the party of the great Lan- the militia of the country, in so excellent
franc. archbishop of Canterbury, were a manner, that they could vie with the,