Encyclopædia americana. A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, a new ed.; including a copious collection of original articles in American biography; on the basis of the 7th ed. of the German Conversations-lexicon. Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth ...

574 CATALANI-CATAMENIA.
ian opera in Paris, whilst she never yield- some grave malady, or one which has
ed to the wish of the public in the choice been caused by the gradual operation of
of the pieces performed, and, through unobserved morbid causes.
jealousy, removed other female singers CATALOGUES OF BooKs. (See Books,
of merit, she.was dismissed, and travelled Catalogues of.)
anew, in 1818, through the chief cities of CATALONIA (anciently Taraconensis);
Germany, and then to Petersburg and a province of Spain, bounded N. by
Warsaw; in 1822 to London, in 1825 to France, E. and S. E. by the MediterraItaly, in 1826 to Stuttgart. She is marri- nean, S. W. by Valencia, and W. by Ared to M. VaTabregue, formerly a captain ragon. Its form is nearly that of a trianin the French service, by whom she has gle, the base towards the Mediterranean
several children. The latest accounts in- being about 140 miles in length, the side
form us that she has determined not to towards France 120, and that towards
sing publicly any more, except for chari- Arragon 140. The country in general is
table purposes. She lives retired in mountainous, but intersected with fertile
Italy. valleys, while the mountains- themselves
CATALEPSY. This is a spasmodic dis- are covered with valuable woods and
ease, and, by some, regarded as a species fruit-trees. Corn, wine, oil, flax, hemp,
of tetanus. It affects the whole body, so legumes, and almost every kind of fruit,
as to render it immovable, as if dead. are abundant. Here are quarries of marTetanus differs from catalepsy in its sub- ble of all colors, of crystal, and alabaster;
jects and causes. Females are most lia- also topazes, rubies, jaspers and other
ble to the last, while the first is equally precious stones; mines of lead, tin, iron,
produced in both sexes by appropriate alulm, vitriol and salt, and, formerly, of
causes. Tetanus is most frequently pro- gold and silver. On the coast is a coralduced by punctured wounds of tendinous fishery. Catalonia is naturally much less
textures, and most readily in hot weather. fertile than either of the Castiles; but it
Sometimes, however, it occurs, like cata- far surpasses both, and, indeed, every
lepsy, independently of wounds. The other province in Spain, in the industry
spasm is more limited in tetanus; some- of its inhabitants, as well as the improvetimes being most severe in the nmuscles ments which they have effected in manof tlee face, producing lock-jaw; now it ufactures, agriculture and commerce.
attacds the muscles of' the trunk, on the Pop. 858,818; square miles, 12,111. It
fore part, producing enmprosthotonos, and has usually been divided into 15 vigueries
now the muscles of the back part, pro- or jurisdictions. The principal towns
ducing opisthotonos, or curvature of the are Barcelona, Tortosa, Tarragona, Getrunk backwards. During all this, the rona, and Villa Franca de Panades. (See
natural temperature may remain, the Spain.)
pulse be perfectly natural, and the senses CATAMENIA (derived from these two
uninmpaired. Under the most active and Greek words,-Kara, according to, and pve,
varied treatment, tetanus has always been the month); menses, the monthly discharge
a very fatal malady.-Catalepsy is a uni- from the uterus of females, between the
versal spasmodic disease of the organs of ages of'14 and 45. Many have questionlocomotion. The body remains in the ed whether this discharge arose from a
position hi which it may have been when mere rupture of vessels, or whether it was
attacked with the fit, and the limbs pre- owing to a secretory action. There can
serve any situation in which they may be be little doubt of the truth of the latter.
placed. The senses are obliterated, and The secretory organ is composed of the
the mind totally inactive, nothing being arterial vessels situated in the fundus of
able to rouse the patient. The pulse and the uterus. The dissection of womren
temperature remain natural. The fit is who have died during the time of t1heir
of uncertain length; according to some menstruating proves this. Sometitmes,
writers, not lasting more than a quarter though very rarely, women, during pregof an hour, though known by others to be nancy, menstruate; and, when this hapmuch longer. This disease is an obsti- pens, the discharge takes place fiorn the
nate one, and is very liable to recur; even arterial vessels of the vagina. During
when the patient seems in the least re- pregnancy and lactation, when the person
spect liable to a recurrence. It is, for the is in good health, the catarnenia, fbr the
most part, a consequence of some other most part, cease to flow. The quantity
disease. This may be a local affection; a female menstruates at each time is very
but it more frequently occurs in a gen- various, depending on climate and a varierally enfeebled constitution, induced by ety of other circumstances. It is conl