Encyclopædia americana. A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, a new ed.; including a copious collection of original articles in American biography; on the basis of the 7th ed. of the German Conversations-lexicon. Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth ...

CARDINAL POINTS-CARIATI. 517
incide with the four cardinal regions of from any filth which adheres to it by
the heavens, and are, of course, 90~ dis- brearning.-A half careen takes place when
tant from each other. The intermediate it is not possible to come at the bottom of
points are called collateral points. the ship; so that only half of it can be caCARDINAL VIRTUES, or principal vir- reened.
tues, in morals; a name applied to those CAREW, Thomas, an English poet, supvirtues to which all the rest are subordi- posed to have been born in 1589, was ednate, or which comprehend all the others. ucated at Corpus Christi college, Oxford.
The distribution of the virtues, which lies Cultivating polite literature in the midst
at the foundation of this notion, had its of a life of affluence and gayety, he was
origin in the old Grecian philosophy; and the subject of much eulogy to Ben Jonthe same number is found here as in the son, Davenant, and other writers of the
elements of nature. These principal vir- period. He seems to have died in 1639,
tues, as enumerated by Plato, are, pru- having, in the mean time, exhibited the
dence, temperance, fortitude and justice. not unusual transformation of the courtly
The three first seem to relate to the duties and libertine fine gentleman into the reof man towards himself, and to corre- pentant devotee. Carew is coupled with
spond with the triple division of the soul Waller, as one of the improvers of Eng~
into the intellectual, the irrational (the lish versification. It. does not appear that
seat of the sensual desires), and the seat any edition of his poems was published
of the affections, which connects the two during his life-time; but Oldys, in his
first. Justice either relates to our duties notes on Langbaine, asserts that his sonto others (God and men), or is the union nets were in more request than those of
of the three first virtues. This division any poet of his time. The first collecappears to be peculiar to the old Pythag- tion of his poems was printed in 1640,
oreans. Aristotle divided them still fur- 12mo.; the last, in 1772. His elegant
ther. The Stoics, too, made the same masque of Celhmn Britannicum was printdivision in their system of morals, and ed, both in the early editions and sepaCicero introduced it into his Offices. Plo- rately, in 1651, and the whole are now
tinus and many New-Platonists divide the included in Chalmers's British Poets. Cavirtues into four classes-civil or political, rew was much studied by Pope; and docphilosophical or purifying, religious, and, tor Percy also assisted to restore him to
lastly, divine or pattern virtues; a divis- a portion of the favor with which he has
ion coinciding with the rest of his philo- lately been regarded. Specimens both of
sophical views. The influence of the an- the sublime and the pathetic may be
cient philosophers has mrade the preced- found in his works; the former in his ading cardinal virtues also a part of the mirable masque, and the latter in his epiChristian code. Some add to themn the taph on lady Mary Villiers.
three Christian virtues, so called-faith, CARGILLITES; a name of the sect more
charity and hope-and call the former generally known under the denomination
philosophical. The imagination of artists of Cameronians. (q. v.)
has represented the cardinal virtues under CARIACO; a seaport town in Colombia,
sensible images. In modern times, this in the province of Cumlanh; lon. 630 39/
division is regarded as useless in treating W.; lat. 10~ 30' N.; population, 6500. It
of ethics; and, in order to judge of it cor- is situated to the east of the gulf of Carirectly, we must form a just notion of the aco, near the mouth of a river of the same
idea which the ancients attached to the name, on a large plain, covered with plantwords apETr and virtus (virtue). ations. The climate is very hot, the air
CARDING; a preparation of wool, cot- damp and unhealthy. Its trade is in cotton, hair or flax, by passing it between ton and sugar. The gulf of Cariaco is 68
the iron points, or teeth, of two instru- miles long, and 35 broad, from 80 to 100
ments, called cards, to comb, disentangle fathoms deep, surrounded by lofty mounand arrange the hairs or fibres thereof for tains, and the waters quiet.
spinning, &c. Before the wool is carded, CARIATI, prince, a Neapolitan diplomait is smeared with oil, whereof one fourth tist, of the ancient family Fuscaldo, served
of the weight of the wool is required for under Joseph Bonaparte and Joachim
wool destined for the woof of stuffs, and Murat, in the marine and in the army, in
one eighth for that of the warp. the latter as field-marshal. In March,
CAREENING (in French, faire abattre, 1815, together with the duke of Campocarener); heaving the vessel down on one Chiaro, he negotiated, at the congress of
side, by applying a strong purchase to the Vienna, the acknowledgment of Joachim
masts, so that the vessel may be cleansed Murat as king of Naples. Ferdinand
voL. IT. 44