Encyclopædia americana. A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, a new ed.; including a copious collection of original articles in American biography; on the basis of the 7th ed. of the German Conversations-lexicon. Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth ...

CARACAS-CARARAMANIA. 507
By the political events which followed philosophy, and fine taste. They also
this catastrophe, the population of this contain intelligent observations on many
ill-fated city was reduced, in four or five situations of life. For a long time, they
years, to less than 25,000. The city is were thought to be the genuine producsituated five leagues from the sea, from tions of the pope, and excited the greatest
which it is separated by a chain of moun- interest in France, and throughout Eutains, at an elevation of 3000 feet above rope. He died in 1803.
the ocean. A good road traverses the CARACCIOLT, marquis de, the friend of
mountains to the port La Guayra. Cara- Marmontel and D'Alembert, born in 1711,
cas carries on a considerable trade. The was, about the middle of the 18th cengreatest part of the productions of the tury, Neapolitan ambassador in London
whole province, consisting principally of and Paris. He was esteemed one of the
cocoa, coffee, indigo, cotton, sarsaparilla, first ornaments of the accomplished sociand the Varinas tobacco, is brought here ety of the capital of France. I-le died in
for sale, or to be exchanged for European 1789, in the office of viceroy of Sicily.
manufactures and prodttctions. The tem- CAIRAeCIOLI, Francisco, brother of the
lerature is generally between 77~ and 900 duke of Roccaromana, was distinguished
Fahr. in the day, and between 68~ and 72~ as Neapolitan admiral, in 1793, at Toulon;
at night; but this general mildness is con- but, being treated by his court with connected with great fluctuations in the tempt, he entered the service of the Parweather. Humboldt, among the vapors thenopean republic, and repelled, with a
of November and December, could solne- few vessels, an attempt of the Siciliantimes hardly fancy himself in one of the English fleet to effect a landing. When
temperate valleys of the torrid zone,, the Ruffo took Naples, in 1799, Caraccioli
weather rather resembling that of the was arrested, contrary to the terms of the
north of Germany. Caracas is the seat capitulation, was condemned to death by
ofthe intendant of Venezuela, and has a the junta (see Speziale), was hung at the
college, a court of justice, nine churches, mast of his frigate, and thrown into the sea.
and five convents. The streets are His death is a blot on the fame of Nelson.
straight and well built, intersecting each CARACTACUS; a king of the ancient
other at right-angles, at a distance of British people called Silures, inhabiting
about 300 feet. The inhabitants consist South Wales. He defended his country
of' whites, descendants of Spaniards, free seven years against the Romans, but was,
colored people, a few slaves, and Indians. at last, defeated, and led in triumph to the
The first are either merchants, planters, emperor Claudius, then. at York, where
professional or military men, very proud, his noble behavior and pathetic speech
anad disdaining all kinds of labor. The obtained him liberty, A. D. 52. Buchanwolnen are considered very handsome, an, Monipenny, and the other ancient
having large black eyes, flil of expression, Scottish historians, make this heroic
jet-black hair, and fine complexions; but prince one of the Scotch monarchs.
they are careless oftheirfigures. Theysel- CARAFA, or CARAFFA, Michael; one of
dom leave their houses except to go to mass, the most popular Italian composers now
when they wearthelong veils calledmantil- living. He was born at Naples, 1787
las, covering nearly the whole body. They studied under Fenaroli, at the conservapossess considerable natural talent and vi- toire of Naples, and enjoyed the advanvacity, but little or no accomplishments.- tages of an acquaintance with Cherubini
Caracas, as is well known, has been con- during his residence at Paris. He has
spicuous th roughoutthe revolution ofVen- composed some agreeable and characterezuela and New Grenada against Spain. istic melodies, and is an imitator of RosCAxRAccI. (See Carracci.) sini. Among his operas, the opera seria
CARACCIOLI, Louis Antoine de; born "Gabriele de Vergy" has gained the
in 1721, at Paris, of an ancient and distin- most applause. Carafa is also an excelguished Neapolitan family. His talents lent composer of music for songs.
for conversation procured him a distin- CARAITES, or CARSEANS, among the
guished reception, in Rome, from Bene- Jews; those who reject the tradition of the
diet XIV and Clement XIII. He after- Talmud, and hold merely to the letter of
wards went to Germany and Poland. Scripture, in opposition to the Rabbinists.
After having educated the children of (See Rabbi.)
prince Rzewuski, in the latter country, CARAMANIA; an interior province of
he returned to Paris, and wrote his Let- Asiatic Turkey, east of Natolia, compristres di Pape Clement XIV (Ganganelli), ing about 35,000 square miles. It is inwhich display a kind spirit, a benevolent tersected by the Kisil Jermak, which, af