Encyclopædia americana. A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, a new ed.; including a copious collection of original articles in American biography; on the basis of the 7th ed. of the German Conversations-lexicon. Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth ...

CALVISIUS-CAMBACERES. 425
Lexicon of RMusicians. He composed, basso-relievos. The Greeks call pieces of
also, many important chronological and this sort povoXpotoara.
other scientific works. Zach calls him ~ CAMALDOLITES, CABIALDULIANS, or CAan exact and zealous investigator of chro- nALDUNIANs;; hermits and monks of the
nology, possessed of as imruch learning as ordbr established, in 1012, by St. Rornupenetration. ald, a Benedictine of Ravenna, in the
CALx; properly lime or chalk (hence valley of Camaldoli, near Arezzo, in the
calcarious earth); but the term is more Apennines, and confirmed afterwards by
generally applied to the residuum of a pope Alexander III. They were originmetal or mineral which has been subject- ally hermits, living in separate cells; but,
ed to violent heat, burning or calcination as their wealth increased, the greater part
(q. v.), solution by acids, or detonation by of them associated in convents. They
uitre, and which is or may be reduced to existed in Italy, France, Germany and
a fine powder. Metallic calces are now Poland. In the 18th century, there were
called oxydes. (q. v.) They weigh more five independent fiaternities of themn:than the metal from which they are pro- 1. at Carnaldoli; 2. at Cronenberg, near
duced, on account of the oxygen which Perugia; 3. at Turin; 4. at Grandbois,
they have absorbed. near Paris; 5. at Murano, in the VeneCALYDON; an ancient city of XEtolia, tian territory; besides 12 monasteries of
celebrated in the stories of king (Eneus, Camaldulian nuns. White garments and
the Calydonian boar, and Dejanira and the austere rules of the Benedictines they
H-lercules. CEneus, as the fable runs, had all had in common. The hermits wore
forgotten Diana in a solemn sacrifice of- beards, and had still more severe rules in
fered to all the gods; that goddess, in regard to fasting, silence and penances.
revenge, sent a terrible boar, which laid Their life was devoted to contemplation
waste the fields and gardens. In order to rather than to usefuhless. Joseph II and
slay this monster, Meleager, the son of the French revolution put an end to the
(Eneus, solicited the aid of the boldest order.-There is, in the vicinity of Nancroes of Greece-Theseus, Jason, Nes- ples, a mountain which takes its name
tor, &c. Several of the assailants perish- firom a convent of the Carnaldoli, situated
ed. Meleager finally pierced hin in the on its top, from which the traveller enback with his javelin, and the others joys a prospect of remarkable grandeur
speedily despatched him. (See MAelea- and beauty. It seemed to us the most
ger.) charming of all the beautiful views
CALYPSO; a daughter of Atlas (some around Naples; yet the spot is not much
say of Nereus and Doris, or of Oceanus visited by travellers.
and Thetis). She inhabited the woody CAMARGUE, or CAMAiRtUE, LA; a piece
island Ogygia, situated deep in the ocean, of land, insulated by the two principal
and lived remote frontom all intercourse with mlouths of the Rhone, sometimes called the
gods and men. Ulysses having suffered Delta of France. It is a cluster of islands
shipwreck on her island, she received him extending over nearly 200 square miles.
kindly, and promised him immortality if CAMEACERES, Jean Jacques Regis; exhe would consent to marry her. But his duke of Parma, prince and archchancellor
desire of beholding his country and his of the French empire, member of the inwife overcamne the charms of the goddess. stitute; born in 1753, at Ml[ontpellier, of an
Seven years he had to remain with her. ancientfamille de robe (family of lawyers).
Merlury finally brought C. the command -His zeal and talents soon obtained him
of Jupiter, that Ulysses should be permit- distinction and the office of a counsellor
ted to return to his home. This com- at the cour dles comptes at Montpellier.
mand she dared not oppose. Ulysses At the beginning of the revolution, he redeparted, but C., who had borne him two ceived several public offices, became, in
children, Nausin6us and Nausith6us, died September, 1792, a member of the conof grief. This subject has been wrought vention, and labored in the committees,
up in many different ways. particularly in the committee of legisCA_&MAEU, or CAMEO. (See Cameo.) lation. Dec. 12, 1792, he was commisCamnaieu is also used for a painting sioned to inquire of Louis XVI whom he
wherein there is only one color, and desired for his counsel, and it was on his
where the lights and shades are of gold, motion that the counsel was allowed to
wrvought on a golden or azure ground. communicate freely with the king. In
When the ground is yellow, the French January, 1793, he declared Louis guilty,
call it cirage, when gray, grissaile. This but disputed the right of the convention
kind of work is chiefly used to represent to judge him, and voted for his provisory
36 *