Encyclopædia americana. A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, a new ed.; including a copious collection of original articles in American biography; on the basis of the 7th ed. of the German Conversations-lexicon. Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth ...

BIUGENHAGEN-BULGARIANS. 319
IHe effected the union of the Protestant as the site of the ancient Litopolis. The
free cities with the Saxons, and introduced baths are fine.
into Brunswick, Hamburg, Lfibeck, Pom- BULAMA; aln island on the west coast of
erania and Denmark, and many other Africa, one of the Bissgoes. It is 24
places, the Lutheran service and church miles long and 12 broad, and is situated
discipline. For the Lower Saxons, he about two miles from the mouth of the
tralnslated the Bible into Low Germnan Rio Grande. It is very fertile, but not
(Lfibeck, 1533). He was a faithful friend easy of access. The Bulama association
to Luther, and delivered his eulogy., To- attempted to colonize it, in 1792, but it
getber with ]iMelancthon, he composed the was soon abandoned. Lon. 140 38' WN.;
Interim of Leipslc. He died in 1558. He lat. 11~ N.
wrote also a History of Pomerania. BIULGARIA, European or Little, a TurkBUGGE, Tholnmas, born in 1740, at Co- ish province, which owes its name to the
penhagen, professor of' mathematics and Asiatic race of Bulgarians (q. v.), who
astronomy at the university in that city, overran it, was the M1aesia Inferior of the
and in the royal marine, has rendered Romans. Its capital is Sophia, and it is
much service to astronomy and geogra- divided, by the Turks, who conquered it
phy by his own observations, and by the in 1392, into four sangiacats, forming a
education of young men, firom many of part of the pachalic of' Romelia. It is
whom we have valuable observations in nearly in the form of a triangle, enclosed
Norway, Iceland, Greenland, and several by the Danube on the north, the Black
parts of the East and West Indies. He sea on the east, the Balkan (q. v.) or
caused more correct surveys to be made in mount Hitemus on the south and west. It
Denmark, for the equalization of the land- is 36,870 square miles in extent, with a
taxes, and had the principal part in the population of 1,800,000 inhabitants, enpreparation of the excellent map of Den- gaged in agricultural labors, peaceful and
mlark. His works are, Elementary Prin- industrious, and mostly melmbers of the
ciples of spherical and theoretical Astron- Greek church. The whole province, exomy (1796), Elementary Principles of cept in the neighborhood of the Danube
pure Mathematics (A tona, 1797), Descrip- and the Black sea, is rugged and loouniion of the Method of Measurenment in the tainous. From the eastern extremity of
Construction of the Danish Maps and the Balkan, a branch runs north-easterly
Charts. Ie died in 1815. nearly parallel with the Euxine, and the
BUGLE- loaN. (See Horn.) streamns flow northerly and westerly to the
BUIRSTONE. (See Quartz.) Danube, or south-easterly to the sea. The
BUILTH; a small town of Wales, on the soil is very productive; all sorts of grain
WVye, 171 miles WV. 1N. W. of London. cattle, wool, iron and wine are raised in
It was probably the Roman station BUt- abundance, and the province is considered
Iwoion, and Roman relics are yet occasion- by the Turks the granary of Constantinoally discovered there. The Britons built I)le. About Philippopoli are large rice
a castle there, when driven from their farms. A very fine wool is brought from
country by the Saxons, which was occu- the pastures near Nicopoli, and silk, honpied by the English after the conquest. ey, wax and tobacco are important artiLlewellyn, the last Welsh prince, was cles of produce. Dobrudsha, the sandy
slain in the neighborhood, in an engage- plain on the Black sea, is famous for its
mnent between the WVelsh and English. horses, which are small, but strong and
Lon. 3~ 16' WV.; lat. 52~ 8' N. well-shaped. Somie of the principal
BUINAAH POINT; a cape on the west towns, besides those already mentioned,
coast of Ireland, in the county of Mayo, are Silistria, taken by the Russians, June
on the south side of the entrance into 28, 1829, 216 miles N. of Constantinolple,
Newport bay. Lon. 90 45' WV.; lat. 530 Brailow (q. v.), Varna (q. v.), Chumla or
46' N. Schumla (q. v.), which have been the
BUKHARIA. (See Bucharia.) objects of violent contest betwe-en the
BUrGowINA. (See Galicia.) Russians and Turks in the war now exBuLAc, or BOULAC, in Egypt; the port isting between them.
of Grand Cairo, on the Nile, where ves- Bulgarians, or Voulgarians; an ancient
sels which bring goods to that city abide; Turkish or Tartar nation, which, in the
one mile W. of Cairo. It is a large, fourth century, was settled on the Volga.
irregular town, and contains a custom- The ruins of their former capital may still
house, rnagazines, and a large bazar. In be seen in the neighborhood of Kazan.
1799, it was almost destroyed by the Their kingdom. wlhich occupied a part of
French. Niebuhr seems to fix on this the Asiatic Sarmatia of the Greeks, is