Encyclopædia americana. A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, a new ed.; including a copious collection of original articles in American biography; on the basis of the 7th ed. of the German Conversations-lexicon. Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth ...

BRUNE-BRUNEHILD. 293
printer, and had made himself known by of Sweden. This monarch invited the
some small pieces of his own composition. marshal to a personal interview, in which
He now devoted himself ardently to poli- he endeavored to convert him to the
tics, became a member of the club des Cor- cause of Louis XVIII. B. refused every
deliers, was connected with Danton, and proposal. He may, however, have drawn
played an active part in the tempests of upon himself the indignation of Napoleon
that period. Till Aug. 10, 1792, he was by his conduct in this interview, or by
engaged in publishing a daily newspaper. favoring the English contraband trade in
Afterwards, he went as a commissary to Hamburg. At any rate, he was recalled,
Belgium. In 1793, he entered the mili- and sufiered to remain without employtary service in the revolutionary army, in ment. After the revolution of 1814, he
the Gironde. Oct. 10, 1795, he aided recognised Louis XVIII, and received the
Barras to put down the Jacobins, who cross of Louis, but no appointment. This
had assaulted the camp of Grenelle. Af- -was the cause of his declaring himself for
terwards, he distinguished himself as gen- Napoleon, immediately upon his return.
eral of brigade in the Italian army, in He received the chief command of' an
1797, in the attack of Verona, and in the important army in the south of' France,
battle of Arcoli. When the directory of and was made a peer. When circumSwitzerland declared war, B. received the stances changed again, he delayed a long
chief command of an army, entered the time- before he. gave up Toulon, which
country, without much opposition, in Jan- was in his possession in 1815, to the troops
uary, 1798, and effected a new organiza- of Louis XVIII, and sent in his resignation of the government. In 1799, he tion to the king. This circumstance, and
received the chief command in Holland, the severities exercised by his command,
defeated the English in the north of Hol- mlight well have excited against hinm the
land, Sept. 19, near Bergen, and compel- rage of the people.' While retiring firom
led the duke of York to agree to the Toulon to Paris, he was recognised, at
treaty of Alcmaer, Oct. 18, by which the Avignon, by the people who favored the
English and Russians were to evacuate king; and they immediately collected tothe north of Holland. In January, 1800, gether about the hotel where he had enhe was made a counsellor of state, and tered. The excited populace were heated
was placed at the head of the army of still more, when a report was spread
the west. The restoration of tranquillity among them, that B. was the murderer of
to the provinces, torn by civil war, was, the princess Larnballe. The marshal was
in a great degree, effected by him. Aug. permitted, however, to go away quietly.
13, he was appointed commander-in-chief But scarcely had his carriage left the city
of the Italian army. Towards the end before a mob of the rabble which had
of December, he led his troops over the followed compelled the driver to turn
Mincio, conquered the Austrians, passed back to the hotel. When the marshal
the Adige, Jan. 8, 1801, took possession had alighted, and retired; with his two adof Vicenza and Roveredo, and concluded jutants, to his former chamber, the doors
an armistice, Jan. 16, at Treviso, with the of the house were locked. The insurAustrian general Bellegarde, by which gents had, in the mean time, gained a
several fortified places in Italy were sur- powerful accession to their numbers, and,
rendered to the French troops. When with loud shouts, demanded the death of
peace recalled him to the council of state, the marshal. In vain did the prefect and
towards the end of November, 1802, he the mayor strive to defend him (as there
laid before the legislative body for con- were no troops in the city) for the space
firmation the treaty of peace with the of four hours and a half, at the peril of
court of Naples. The next year, he went their lives. The door was at last broken
as ambassador to the court of Constanti- open, a crowd of murderers rushed into
nople. He prevailed there at first over the chamber, and the unhappy marshal
the English party, and received from the fell under a shower of balls, after a fruitTurkish ministry, the highest marks of less attempt to defend himself and justify
honor; but, when new dissensions arose his conduct. His body was exposed to
between the two powers, he left Turkey. the most shameful insults, and then dragDuring his absence, May 19, 1804, he was ged from the hotel to the bridge over the
appointed marshal of the empire. At the Rhone, from which it was thrown into
end of 1806, Napoleon appointed him the river.
governor-general of the Hanseatic towns, BRUNEHAUT. (See Brunehild.)
and, soon after, commander of the troops BRUNEHILD, Brunichild; married to
in Swedish Pomerania, against the king Siegbert I, king of Austrasia, in 568, a
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