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BOURDEAUX-BOURSAULT. 227
dhrone of England, ani transferred B. to cient and best fortified cities of Gaul, It
that crown. After the battle of Poictiers, lies 155 miles S. of Paris; lat. 47~ 5f N.:
Edward, the black prince, carried John, lon. 2~ 23' E.
king of France, prisoner to B., where he BOURGOGNE. (See Burgundy.)
resided 11 years. Under Charles VII, in BOURIGNON, Antoinette; a celebrated
1451, it was restored again to France. religious fanatic, born in 1616, at Lille,
In 1548, the citizens rebelled on account daughter of a merchant. At her birth,
of a tax on salt, and the governor De Mo- she was so deformed, that a consultation
rems was put to death, for which the was held whether it would not be proper
constable of Montmorency inflicted se- to destroy her as a monster. She made
vere punishment on the city. During herself famous by her restless manner of
the revolution, it was devastated as the life, her wanderings through France, Gerrendezvous of the Girondists, by the ter- many and Denmark, and by her fanatirorists, almost as completely as Lyons and cism. A collection of her authentic
Miarseilles. The oppressiveness of the works, in which she displays an animated
continental system to the trade of B. made eloquence, was published at Amsterdam,
the inhabitants disaffected to the govern- in 1686, in 21 volumes.
ment of Napoleon, so that they were the BOURSAULT, Edmle, was born in 1638,
first to declare for the house of Bourbon, at Muci-l'Elveque, in the province of BurMarch 12th, 1814. The Roman poet gundy, grew up without education, and
Ausonius was a native of B. Montaigne went, in 1651, to Paris, without underand Montesquieu were born in the neigh- standing any thing but his own provinboring country, and the latter lies buried cial patois. Here he learned to speak
there in the church of St. Bernard. (For and write French, and improved so fast,
thie wines of Bourdeaux, see Bordelais.) that the composition of a book for the inBoURDON, Sebastian; a celebrated struction of the dauphin was committed
French painter, born at Montpellier, in to him. This work, La VFritable Etude
1616. Being poor and without occupa- des Souverains, pleased the king so much,
tnon, he enlisted as a soldier. After re- that he appointed B. assistant instructer
ceiving his dismission, he visited Italy, of his son. B. declined the office, and
and studied under Sacchi and Claude also refused to offer himself as a candiLorraine. In 1652, he was driven from date for admission into the academy, on
the French kingdom by the religious account of his ignorance of Latin. In his
troubles. He afterwards became distin- youth, he undertook a poetical gazette,
guished in his own country by many with which the king and court were so
great works, among which are the fol- much pleased, that an annuity of 2(00
lowing:-the Dead Christ, the ddulter- livres was granted him. But, happening
ess, the Old Kings of Burgundy in the to satirize, in this work, a ludicrous advenSenate-house at.lix. He had no pecu- ture, which had befallen a Capuchin, the
liar manner, but he imitated others. He confessor of the queen caused the journal
was a good engraver on copper. He died to be suppressed, and B. himself escaped
in 1671, while engaged in painting the the Bastile only by the influence of the
ceiling of the Tuileries. prince of Cond6. Another journal of his
BOURGES; a city of France, formerly was suppressed soon after, oni account of
the capital of the province of Berri, now a satirical couplet on king William, with
of the department of the Cher, with a whom the French court then wished to
population of 16,350 inhabitants. The negotiate. He was more fortunate in his
cathedral is one of the finest Gothic writings for the stage, and many of his
structures in France. The pragmatic pieces met with permanent success;
sanction (q. v.) was published at B. by among others, EJsope a la Ville, and
Charles VII. Louis XI was born there, Esope a lour, which still continue on
and founded its university in 1465. It the stage. His two tragedies JtMarie S&unow contains one of the 26 academies of art and Germanicus are forgotten. B. had
the university of France. There are some the misfortune to quarrel with Moliere
manufactures of silk, woollen stuffs, cot- and Boileau. He wrote a severe crititons and stockings in the city and its cism on the Ecole des Femmes, under the
neighborhood, which are disposed of at title of Le Portrait du Peintre. Moliere
its annual fairs. The inhabitants are chastised him in his Impromptu de Verprincipally supported by the nobility and sailles. To revenge himself on Boileau,
students'who reside in the town. It was who had ridiculed him in his satires, he
anciently called Jvaricum, and afterwards wrote a comedy called Satyre des Satyres;
Biturigc, and was one of the most an- but Boileau prevented its performance;