Encyclopædia americana. A popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, a new ed.; including a copious collection of original articles in American biography; on the basis of the 7th ed. of the German Conversations-lexicon. Ed. by Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth ...

BOUCHER —BOUFFLERS. i17
haps, have risen to excellence, had he BOUFFLERS, marshal de, born 1644.
not yielded to the corrupt taste of his age, died 1711, may be considered one of the
and had devoted himself more completely most celebrated generals of his age. He
to his studies, The ease with which he was an eleve of the great Conde, of Tuexecuted made him careless. His draw- renne, Crequi, Luxembourg and Catinat.
ing is faulty; his coloring does not har- His defence of Namur, in 1695, aznd of'
monize, especially in his naked pieces, Lille, in 1708, are famous. The siege of
which are so glaring, that they appear as the former place was conducted by king
if the light was reflected on1 them from a William in person, and cost the allies more
red curtain. In a word, he is looked than 20,000 men. The latter was conupon as the corrupter of the French ducted by prince Eugene. An order was
school. He was neither envious nor av- sent from Louis XIV, signed by his own
aricious, but encouraged younger artists hand, commanding B. to surrender; but
as much as was in his power. The great he kept it secret, until all means of denumber of his paintings and sketches fence were exhausted. The retreat of
show with what rapidity he produced the French after the defeat at Malplaquet,
them. The latter alone amounted to under the direction of B., was more like
more than 10,000. He has also etched a triumph than a defeat.
some plates, and many of his paintings BOUFFLERS, Stanislaus, chevalier de,
have been engraved. member of the French academy, son of
BoUCHIES-DU-R1HNE (mouths of the the marchioness of B., mistress of StanisRhone); a department in the south of laus, king of Poland, born at Luneville,
France, in the ancient government of 1737, was considered one of the most:Provence. Chief town, Marseilles. Pop. ingenious men of his time, and was disin 1827, 326,302. (See Departments.) tinguished for the elegance of his manBOUDINOT, Elias, was born in Phila- ners and conversation. He was destined
delphia, May 2, 1740. He was descended for the church, but declared that his love
firom one of the Huguenots, who sought of pleasure would interfere with the darefuge in America fiom religious perse- ties of this profession. He entered the
cution in France. He studied the. law, military career, was soon appointed govand became eminent in that profession. ernor of Senegal, and, while in this office,
At an early period of the revolutionary made many useful regulations. After his
war, he was appointed, by congress, com- return, he devoted himself to that light
missary-general of prisoners. In the year kind of literature which distinguished the
1777, he was chosen a member of con- age of Louis XV. HIe was mnuch admired
gress, and, in 1782, was made president by the ladies, and in the higher circles of
of that body. After the adoption of the the capital, as well as in the foreign courts
constitution, he entered the house of rep- which he visited. His reputation gave
resentatives, where he continiued six him a seat in the states-general, where he
years. IIe then succeeded Rittenhouse was esteemed for his moderation and his
as director of the mint of the U. States, good intentions. After Aug. 10, 1792, he
an office which he resigned in the course left France, and met with a friendly reof a few years, and lived, from that time, ception firom prince Henry of Prussia, at
at Burlington, New Jersey. He devoted Reinsberg, and Frederic William II. A
himself earnestly to Biblical literature, large grant was made to him in Poland
and, being possessed of an ample fortune, for establishing a colony of French emimade munificent donations to various grants. In 1800, he returned to Paris,
charitable and theological institutions. where he devoted himself to literary
The American Bible society, of which he pursuits, lwhich, in 1804, procured him a
became president, was particularly an seat in the French institute. He died
object of his bounty. He died at the age Jan. 18, 1815. He lies buried near the
of 82, in October, 1821. abb6 Delille, and on his tomb is this in
BOUDOIR; a small room, simply and scription, written by himself, and charac
gracefully fitted up, destined for retire- teristic of his lively disposition: MJes
ment (from bouder, to pout, to be sulky). amis, croyez queje dors. His works were
It may be indebted for its name to an published in 8 vols. l2mo. 1815. His
anlgry husband, whose wife, when inclined mother was long the ornament of the
to pout, shut herself up in her chamber. court of Stanislaus, during its residence
The boudoir is the peculiar property of at Luneville, by the graces of her mind
the lady-her sanctuom sanctorum. To and beauty of her person. Voltaire adthis she flies for peace and solitude from dressed to her a madrigal which finisheis
the bustle of society. thus:voL. II. 19