The telegraph manual: a complete history and description of the semaphoric, electric and magnetic telegraphs of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, ancient and modern.

380 FROMENT'S ALPHABETICAL AND WRITING TELEGRAPH.
E E is an electro-magnet, and L is a rod attached to the armature, elongated to sustain the pencil c. F is the armature of
Fig. 13. soft iron. Immediately under
the extremities of the armature
___r_ F are the cores or the electro| >l-[^^IB; < magnets surrounded by the
1 I t'l] [k: i coils E E. c is the pencil writlB inB LN g on the ribbon paper B; R is
- J)ljisjltil ll cFli a ratchet-wheel, which turns the
pencil on its axis; c' is the cyl__1 anl inder upon which the ribbon
paper B is rolled, and c"/ c"' are
cylinders regulating the movement of the ribbon paper B.
I [ The apparatus is made to
___________move by ciockwork.
__-I - _J -r~ - - The practical operation of this
apparatus is as follows: When the current is on the line, the
electro-magnet attracts the armature, which causes the pencil
to make a mark across the ribbon paper B; and as the paper
Fig. 14.
C"' ^
is in motion, the mark will be made at an angle in proportion
to the speed of the paper passing over the cylinder c'. When
the circuit is broken, the pencil will make a mark back to its
normal position, regulated by a spring. A movement forward
and another backward will make the letter V. If the manipulation is continued, by opening and closing the electric circuit,
or by transmission or non-transmission of the voltaic current.
the writing executed by the pencil will be as follows, viz.: