The telegraph manual: a complete history and description of the semaphoric, electric and magnetic telegraphs of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, ancient and modern.

SEMAPHORE TELEGRAPH-ITS GENERAL ADOPTION. 29
adopted in Sweden, with some improvements over the Chapp6
system of that time. Soon after the establishment of the lines
in France, the telegraph was erected in some parts of Germany.
But the mechanism of the stations of that day was not so perfect as it has since been made by the brothers Chappe, and as
will be described hereafter. In 1823, the visual telegraph
was established between Calcutta and the fortress of Chunore,
in Asia. A year later it was erected between Alexandria and
Cairo, in Egypt, by Mohammed All. In some form or other it
has spread mostly over the inhabited globe.
Fig. 1.
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9iG A tatA io 178
German Telegraph Station, 1798.