The telegraph manual: a complete history and description of the semaphoric, electric and magnetic telegraphs of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, ancient and modern.

[74 STE1NHEIL S ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.
Fig. 20.'' i
APPLICATION OF THE APPARATUS TO TELEGRAPHING.
From what has already been stated, it will be seen that at
every half turn of the fly bar from iight to left, one of the bars
is deflected. The terminations of the wires are so connected
that every time this movement is repeated the high-toned bell
should be struck at all the stations. Standing at the side
B B, and turned toward the indicator, one immediately perceives the beck imprint a dot upon the ribbon paper as it moves
along. The intervals of time between the successive repetitions
of this sign, are represented by the respective distances between
the dots that follow in a line upon the paper. On turning the
fly-bar from left to right toward the operator, the deep-toned
bells ring, and the second ink cup marks down a dot upon the
paper as before, not, however, upon the same line with the
former dots, but upon a lower one. High tones are therefore
represented by the upper dots, and the low tones by the dots on
the lower line, as in writing music. As long as the intervals between the separate signs remain equal, they are to be taken together as a connected group, whether they be pauses between
the tones, or intervals between the dots marked down. A longer
pause separates these groups distinctly from each other. We
are thus enabled by appropriately selected groups thus combined,
to form systems representing the letters of the alphabet or stenographic characters, and thereby to repeat and render permanent
at all parts of the chain, where an apparatus like that above
described is inserted, any information that we transmit. The