The telegraph manual: a complete history and description of the semaphoric, electric and magnetic telegraphs of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, ancient and modern.

M AG NET I SL.
CHAPTER VII.
Native Magnetism of the Load-Stone-Attractive and Repulsive Forces of Permanent Magnets-Component parts of the Magnet-Induced Magnetism.
NATIVE MIAGNETISM OF THE LOAD-STONE.
As a preliminary to the consideration of electro-magnetism,
it is necessary to explain the mysterious existence of the attractive and repulsive nature of matter commonly known as
permanent magnetism. This is the more necessary as some of
the telegraph systems have, as parts thereof, the conjunctive
force of permanent and electro-magnetism.
Fig. 1 represents the native Fig. 1.
load-stone, found in the earth in
different parts of the world. In "A,.
the figure, the polarity of the % __
stone is shown and its attractive
force, by nails suspended by it.
It is an ore of iron, compounded of iron and oxygen. Recently, I saw large quantities of
this ore near St. Louis, Missouri.
It was in a mountain of iron,
The discovery of the load-stone
has been attributed to a shepherd, named Magnes, who observed its attraction to his iron
crook, when tending his flock
on Mount Ida, and from whomn
it is supposed the name of magnet is derived; though, accord-
ing to other accounts, the load-stone first came from Heraclea, in Magnesia, and one of its ancient names was lapis