Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean: Vol. 4, Pt. 3

BOTANY.
and small calyculate ones. Flowers numerous. Achenia only 3 lines lo)ng, terete and strongly
10-ribbed in the manner of the genus, narrowed at the base, very slightly contracted underneath
the large and truncate summit, the inner ones scabrous on the ribs. Palee of the pappus of a
firm scarious texture, overlying each other in a convolute manner, or else imbricated, a line and
a half long, and of equal breadth, whitish, appressed-puberulent or scabrous externally (at
least the exterior ones) as in Eucalais generally, entire, or erose-denticulatfe near the summit,
where the thick midnerve is abruptly produced into a long and rather stout arwn. This is well
distinguished by the pappus, &c., from any one yet described, and is most nearly related to an
unpublished species (C. platycarpha) found by Dr. Parry at San Luis Rey, of which better
materials are wanted, but which appears to be clearly distinguished by the larger pale( of the
pappus, tipped with very short' arwns. Both in the acheniaand the pappus C. cyclocarpha
makes an approach to Scorzonella.
CALAIS (APHANOCALAIS) TEIIELLA (Sp. nov.): annua, scaposa, fere glabra; foliis linearibus integerrimis et laciniato-pinnatifidis scapo filiformi subequilongis; capitulo 8-12-floro; involucro
calyculato, squamis lanceolatis obtusiusculis; acheniis conformibus glabris boblongo-clavatis
erostratis, areola terminali parva; -pappo aut nullo aut seepius e paleis 1-5 brevissimis latodeltoideis in aristam tenuem nudam iisdem multoties longiorem productis decidius. (Tab.
XVII.) Napa Valley, California, in plains and grassy places; May. (On the Sacramento river,
.ev. AMr. Fitch.) Plant about a span high, slender, glabrous. Head nodding before anthesis.
Involucre 3 lines long, of 7 to 10 equal scales, and of 5 or 6 minute calyculate scales. Corolla
yellow. Achenia nearly 2 lines long, narrowed at the base, not at all contracted towards the
summit, strongly 10-ribbed, the ribs upwardly scabrous, the apex obtuse, but not truncate, the
terminal areola being much smaller than the diameter of the achenium. Some of the achenia
are destitute of pappus, at least in many specimens; others in the same head bear from one to
four, or sometimes five, capillary, barely scabrous arwns, which are abruptly dilated at the base
into a very short and broad palea, just as in Scorzonella laciniata.. So that this connects Scor
zonella, and the following connects Ptilophora, with Calais.
CALAIS (AlACALAIS) SYLYATICA. Scorzonella sylvatica, Benth. P1. Hartw. No. 1815, p. 320.
Sonora, California; on hills; May. The slender b* sometimnes fusiform-thickened root is that
of a biennial. Pappus sordid, of 6 to 9, or more commonly 10 paled; the long arwns strongly
barbellate, almost plumose. The leaves in these specimens are scarcely, if at all, pinnatifid.
On Mark West's creek, April 30, in low wet places, was gathered a specimen of what may (on
account of an intermediate form gathered by Dr. Stillman) be received as a variety of this
species, with the involucral scales all lanceolate and taper-pointed, and the arwns of the pappus
less strongly barbellate.
RAFINESQOUIA NEO-MEXICANA Gray, P1. Wiright. 2, p. 103. Gravelly hills of the Rio Colorado;
February. In the single specimen the rays of the pappus are only 8, or even sometimes fewer.
STEPHANOMERIA MINOR, Nutt. in Trans..4mer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7, p. 427. Plains, between
the Canadian and the Rio Grande, New Mexico; September, This and S. runcinata are doubtless the same.
LYGODESMIA JUNCEA, Don; Hook. Fl. Bor.-,4m. 1, p. 295,,. 103. Buffalo plains, Upper
Canadian; September.
PYRROPAPPUS CAROLINIANUS, 1DG. Prodr. 7, p. 144. Beavertown, Arkansas; and on the
grassy bottoms of the Rio Grande, New Mexico.
MAcRORHYNcRUS RETRORSUS, Benth. P1. Hartw. Nfo. 1817, p. 320. Hill-sides, Sonora, California; May. Plant stouter than Hartweg's specimens, and the fully developed head larger,
but otherwise the same. Stems a foot high. H[ead from an inch to an inch and a half, or in
fruit two inches long, cylindraceous, or at length cylindrical; the scales of the involucre all
acute, somewhat tinged with purple; the exterior short, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, obscurely
foliacetos above. Achenia all alike, oblong, smooth, and glabrous, wingless, acutely ribbed
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