Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean: Vol. 4, Pt. 3

BOTANY.
specimens are barely in flower, and therefore too young for ascertaining the formn of the achenia.
But the pappus and the lanceolate very taper-pointed involucral scales are just as in C. )acrocheta, and the whole plant resembles the Oregon specimens, except that the leaves are mostly
pinnatifid with longer linear lobes; a character of no specific value in this and other Cichoraceous genera, and not uniform in these specimens. These plants, like so many others of the
same and simrnilar regions, spring from seed apparently in the autumn, and flower ini the vernal
season; so that one is in doubt whether to call them annuals or biennials, between which there
is no marked distinction in such climates.
CALAIS DOUGLASII, DC. Prodr. 7, p. 85. Low or wet places, Mark West's creek, California;
April. A depauperate state, with slender and only about 10-flowered heads, none of the exterior achenia hirsute. Still the few specimens gathered (mixed with another species) cannot
safely be regarded as specifically distinct from C. Douglasii.
CALAIS BIGELoVII (sp. nov.):.scaposa, spithamma; foliis pinnatipartitis, lobis plerumque
crebris linearibus acutis, majoribus scpe laciniatis; involucro calyculato;.acheniis oblongoturbinaitis apice truncatis, (nec rostratis nec sursum angustatis,) externis villosissimis; pappi
paleis 5 oblongo-ovatis in aristam barbellulatam iisdem longiorem subito productis. (Tab. XVII.)
Corte Madera, California; April. This species -is most nearly related to C. Douglasii; but the
heads are smaller and shorter; the (ovate-lanceolate) scales of the involucre broader; the
achenia barely 2 lines long when apparently full grown, and tapering from the broad truncate
summit to the base, the exterior densely vilous, the others smooth, or nearly so,; the fuscons
pales of the pappus are of nearly the length.of the achenium, their strong midnerve produced
-abruptly -from the apex into an arwn, which is about a third longer than the palea itself.
:CALAIS CYCLOCARPHA (Sp. nov.): scarpsra, glaberrima; foliis scapis dimidio brevioribus in
tegris et pinnatifidis, lobis integerrimis; involucro calyculato; acheniis oblongis sub apice
truncato levissime contractis, extimis villosissimis; pappi paleis 5 orbiculatis integris achenio
dimidio arista barbellulata circiter;t-riplo brevioribus. (Tab. XVIII.)'Napa Valley, California,
on grassy plains and hill-sides; May. Root annual, slender, as in all the species oftrue
Calais. Leaves 5 to 9, the naked scapes 6 to 18, inches long. In;volucre 5 to 6 inches long,
campanulate, glabrous, of 10 or 11l ovate-nceolate equal proper scales, and of 6 or 7 very short
5. C. BIGELOVII, sp. nov. Vide supra.
6. C. CYCLOCARPHA, sp. nov. Vide supra.
7. C. PLATYCARPHA (sp. nov.): pappi paleis latissime ovalibus integerrimis brevissime aristatis. San Luis Rey, California,
Dr. Parry.
~,3. APHANOCALAIS. Achenia clavato-oblonga, erostria, apice obtuso areola parva terminata! omnia glabra. Pappus Scorzonelle, sed paleis multum paucioribus (1-5) et deciduis, quandoque nullus! Involucrum fere Eucalaidis, 8-12 florum. Ligulm
exsertae. Herbula scaposa monocarpica, radice exili.
8. C. TENELLA, Sp. nov. Vide supra, p. 112.
~4. SCORZONELLA. (Scorzonella, Nutt.) Achenia brevia, truncata, hand apice vix basi angustata. Pappus e paleis 10
brevissimis lato-ovatis integerrimis, arista capillari scabro-denticulata multoties brevioribus, constans. Involucri squame
gradatim imbricate, acuminate. Caules subramosi'plures, e radice perenni tuberosa fusiformi.
9. C. LACINIATA. Hymenonema? laciniatum. Hook. Ft. Bor.-.m. 1, p. 301. Scorzone]la laciniata and S. leptosepala?.N'tt.
itn Trans. dmer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7, p. 426; Torr.' Gray, Fl. 2, p. 470. Hymenonema? glaucum, Hook. 1. c., (Scorzonella
glauca, Nutt 1..c.,) is either an allied species, or only an entire-leaved state of C. laciniata.
~5. ANACALAIS. Achenia linearia, erostria, omnia glabra. Pappus (sordidus) a paleis 6-9 vel scpissime 10 lanceolatis integerrimis in aristam longam barbellatam desinentibus. Involucri squame subgradatim imbricate, acuminate. Ligula exserte,
elongate. Caulis simplex e radice-bienni? gracili vel subfusiformi, basim versus foliosus.
10. C. SYLYATICA. Vide supra, p. 112. Scorzonella sylvatica, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 320.
~ 6. PTILOPHORA. >(Ptilophora, Gray, non Kutzing.) Achenia oblongo-linearia, erostrata. Pappus (albus) e paleis'14-22
brevissimis aristam prelongam molliter plumosam gerentibus. Involucri squame inquales, extime brevio. es. Ligulm exsertse.
Caules ramosi, e radice perenni fusiformi vel tuberosa,
11. C. NUTANS. Crepis nutans, Geyer. Ptilophora nutans, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 113.
12. C. MAJOR. Ptilophora major, Gray 1. c.
This last group has greater claims than any of the preceding to rank as distinct from Calais, but too close a transition is found
in section 5. The name Ptilophora is preoccupied in the Algea. Still it may serve to designate a subgenus in the present
instance; otherwise the latter may be called Ptilocalais.
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