A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

980 TARQUITIA. TATIANUS.
attempts to establish the Latin origin of Tarquinius republic, can scarcely be regarded as members of
by several considerations. He remarks that we the patrician gens.
read of a Tarquinia gens; that the surname Priscus TARQUI'TIUS. 1. A Roman writer, who
of the elder Tarquinius was a regular Latin surname, translated from the Etruscan a work entitled Oswhich occurs in the family of the Servilii and many tentariun2 Tuscum. (Plin. H. N. in Catal. Auctor.
others; and lastly, that the wife of the elder Tar- lib. ii.; Macrob. Sat. iii. 7; Serv. ad Virg. Ecl. iv.
quinius was called in one tradition, not Tanaquil, 43; Festus, p. 274, ed. Muller'; MUller, Etrusker,
but Caia Caecilia, a name which may be traced to vol. ii. p. 36.)
Caeculus, the mythic founder of Praeneste. These 2. L. TARQU1TIUS, mentioned by Cicero in B. c.
arguments, however, have not much weight, and 50. (Cic. ad Att. vi. 8. ~ 4.)
certainly are insufficient to refute the universally 3. Q. TARQUITIUS, occurs only on coins, of
received belief of antiquity in the Etruscan origin which a specimen is annexed. The obverse repreof the Tarquins, which is, moreover, confirmed by sents a woman's head with c. ANNIVS, and the
the great architectural works undertaken in the reverse Victory in a biga, with Q. TARQUITI. A
time of the last Roman kings, works to which no similar coin is figured in Vol. I. p. 180, with the
Sabine or Latin town could lay claim, and which name of L. Fabius on the obverse; and Eckhel
at that time could have been accomplished by the supposes that Q. Tarquitius and L. Fabius were
Etruscans alone. Moreover the tradition which the quaestors of C. Annius, who fought in Spain
connects Tarquinins with the Luceres, the third against Sertorius in B. c. 82. (Eckhel, vol. v. pp.
ancient Roman tribe, again points to Etruria; for 134, 322.)
although Niebuhr looks upon the Luceres as Latins,
most subsequent scholars have with far more pro-
bability supposed the third tribe to have been of
Etruscan origin. (Comp. Becker, Ilandbuch der
RIlinischen A lterthiinzer, vol. ii. part i. p. 30.) The
statement of Dionysius that Tarqninius Priscus
conquered the whole of Etruria, and was acknowledged by the twelve Etruscan cities as their ruler,
to whom they paid homage, must certainly be
rejected, when we recollect the small extent of the COIN OF Q. TARQUITIUS.
Roman dominions under the preceding king, and
the great power and extensive territory of the TARQUI'TIUS PRISCUS. [PRlscvs.]
Etruscans at that time. It is far more probable TARRUNTE'NUS PATERNUS. [PATERthat Rome was conquered by the Etruscans, and Nvs.]
that the epoch of the Tarquins represents an TA'RTARUS (Tdprapos), a son of Aether and
Etruscan rule at Rome. This is the opinion of Ge, and by his mother Ge the father of the GiK. 0. MUller. He supposes that the town of gantes, Typhoeus and Echidna. (Hygin. Praef.
Tarquinii was at this time at the head of Etruria, p. 3, &c., Pab. 152; Hes. Thleog. 821; Apollod.
and that the twelve Etruscan cities did homage to ii. 1. ~ 2.) In the Iliad Tartarus is a place far below
the ruler of Tarquinii. He further supposes that the earth, as far below Hades as Heaven is above
Rome as well as a part of Latium acknowledged the earth, and closed by iron gates. (Hom. 11. viii.
the supremacy of Tarquinii; and that as Rome -13, &c., 481; comp. Hes. Theog. 807.) Later
was the most important of the possessions of Tar- poets describe Tartarus as the place in the lower
quinii towards the south, it was fortified and world in which the spirits of wicked men are
enlarged, and thus became a great and flourishing punished for their crimes, and sometimes they use
city. Many Tarquinian nobles would naturally the name as synonymous with Hades or the lower
take up their abode at Rome, and one of them world in general; and pater Tartarlus is used for
might have been entrusted by Tarquinii with the Pluto. (Val. Flacc. iv. 258.) [L. S.]
government of the city. Miiller however thinks TARU'TIUS FIRMIA'NUS. [FIRMIANUS.]
that L. Tarquinius is not the real name of the TASGE'TIUS, was of a noble family among
Etruscan ruler, but that Lucius is the Latinized the Carnutes, and was made king of his people by
form of Lucumo, and that Tarquinius merely Caesar, but was assassinated in the third year of
indicates his origin from Tarquinii. According to his reign. (Caes. B. G. v. 25).
Muiller the banishment of the Tarquins was not an TASIACES. [SABAcEs.]
isolated event confined to Rome, but was connected TATIA'NUTS (Ta'ravds), a Christian writer of
with the fall of the city of Tarquinii, which lost at the second century, was born, according to his own
that time its supremacy over the other Etruscan statement (Orat. ad Graecos, sub fin.) in Assyria,
cities. (MUller, Etrusker, vol. i. p. 118, &c.) and was educated in the religion and philosophy of
TARQUI'NIUS. 1. P. TARQUINIUS, tribune the Greeks. (ibid.) Clement of Alexandria (Stroln.
of the plebs with Livius Drusus, B.c. 91, sup- lib. iii. c. xii. ~ 81, ed Klotz. Lips. 1831), Epiported the latter in the laws which he proposed. phanius, in the body of his work (Haeres. xlvi.),
(J. Obseq. c. 114.) and Theodoret (Hae-ret. Fabul. Coospendilm, lib. i.
2. L. TARQUINIUS, one of Catiline's conspirators, c. 20), call him "the Syrian," or " a Syrian by
turned informer, and accused M. Crassus of being race;" but Epiphanius, in another place (adv.
privy to the conspiracy. (Sall. Cact. 48.) Haeres. Indicul. ad lib. i. vol. iii.), followved by
TARQUI'TIA GENS, was of patrician rank, Joannes Damascenus (De Haeresib. apud Coteler.
and of great antiquity, but only one member Eccles. Graec. MIonumn. vol. i. p. 292), says he was
of it is mentioned, namely L. Tarquitius Flaccus, a Mesopotamian; a statement which is adopted by
who was magister equitum to the dictator Cincin- Cave and some other moderns. Tatian's own aunatus in B. C. 458 [FLAccvs]. The other Tar- thority would of course be decisive, were it not for,quitii whose nallles occur towards the end of the the vagueness with which the names Assyria and