A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

950 SYMEON. SYMEON.
cisively and to refuse to recognize Peter the Fuller, There was another Symeon, an haeresiarch, who
who had regained the see of Antioch for the last was burnt to death with many of his followers for
time, about A. D. 485 [PETRUS, No. 17]; it led heresy in the time of Justinian II. Photius gives
also to the deposition, for unfaithfulness and undue to him the vague and often misapplied epithet of a
favour to the Monophysite party, of the presbyters Manichaean. (Phot. Narratio in epitome de MaMisenus and Vitalis, who had been sent by the nichaeis repullulantibzs, apud Montfauc. Biblioth.
Pope to Constantinople. (Evagrius, HI. E. iii. 21.) Coislin. pp. 360, 361.)
3. Of ANTIOCH. [No. 27.] 9. HIEROMONACHUS. [Nos. 23, 25.]
4. Of CONSTANTINOPLE. [No. 16.] 10. HIEROSOLYlMITANUS, or of JERUSALEM
5. Of CTESIPHON. [NO. 26.] (1). Symeon or Simon, son of Cleophas, and, ac6. Metropolitan of EUCHAITA in Pontus, a cording to general belief, kinsman of Jesus Christ,
writer whose date is not exactly ascertained, but who was, according to the ecclesiastical historians, the
probably lived towards the end of the ninth century. second bishop of the Church of Jerusalem, the
There are extant in MS. two of his letters, Epistolae Apostle James, son of Alpheius, having been the
duae ad Joannern Monachum, from which Allatius first. Some of the later Greeks represent Symeon
has given two or three very brief citations. (Al- as the son of Joseph (husband of the Virgin Mary)
latius, De Symeon. Scrilptis. p. 1 79; Fabric. Bibl. by a former wife. The tradition of his appointG-aec. vol. xi. pp. 296, 712; Cave, [list. Litt. vol. ment is given by Eusebius (H. E. iii. ] 1). After
ii. Dissert. prima, p. 18. folio, Oxford, 1740-43; holding his bishopric for many years Symeon was
Le Quien, Oriens CGinstianus, vol. i. col. 545.) put to death for his faith as a Christian, and because
7. GRAMMATICUS. Daniel de Nessel in his he was descended from David. IIe was a hundred
Catalogus Bibliothecae Cbesaraeae, pars iv. p. 77, and twenty years old at the time of his martyrdom,
fol. Vienna, 1690, describes a Greek MS. in that which took place during the persecution in the
library as containing Sismueonis Grammatici Etyu0o- reign of Trajan, and while Atticus, the consular,
logicosn: the work is arranged in alphabetical order was governor of Syria. Eusebius, in his Clsronicon,
and has never been published. The MS. which places the martyrdom of Symeon in the tenth year
was torn and imperfect, is not noticed, so far as we of Trajan, the third year of Olympiad 221, in the
have been able to trace, by Kollar, in his edition of fourth consulship of Sosius and third of Sura, A. D.
the Comn2entarius of Lambecius. (Fabric. Bibl. 107. Some critics, including Bishop Lloyd of St.
Graec. vol. vi. pp. 379, 604.) Asaph, Dodwell, and Pagi, bring down his death
8. HARRESIARCHA s. MASSALIANUS. In an to A. D. 116. Symeon is worshipped as a Saint
appendix to the Panoplia of Euthymius Zigabenus both by the Latin and Greek Churches, by the
[EuTHEMIUS ZIGBrENus] described by Lambecius, former on the 18th of February, by the latter on
who printed some portions of it (Comnnsenta2rius the 27th of April. He was succeeded in his
de Biblio/h. Caesaraea, lib. s. vol. iii. col. 424, &c.), bishopric by Justus. (Euseb. H. E. iii. 11, 32;
and published, with a Latin version, by Tollius Hegesippus, apud Euseb. ii. cc.; Euseb. Cironicon;
(insignia Itinerarii Italici, p. 106, &c.), are a string Chronicon Paschale; Acta Sanctorusn Februar. ad
of anathemas against various Massaliansor Bogo- diem xviii. vol. iii. p. 53; Le Quien, Oriens
milans, among whom are given in one group Dadoes, Chsristian. vol. iii. col. 140.)
Sabas, Adelpheios, Hermas, and Symeon. These 11. HIEROSOLYMITANUS (2). Toward the close
do not belong to the age of Alexius Comnenus, to of the eleventh century, the patriarchate of Jeruwhich Euthymius belonged, and in which the salem was held by Symeon or Simon II. In the
anathemas appear to have been uttered, but to a Latin catalogues of the bishops of Jerusalem he is
much earlier period, for in an account of the Council called Simon; but the Latin historians of the
of Side in Pamphylia, held in or about A. D. 381, crusades generally write his name Symeon or
and which account is preserved by Photius, Simeon. He succeeded Euthymius, but in what
(Bibliothl. Cod. 52), Dadoes, Sabas, Adelpheios, year is not known: he was already patriarch in
and Symeon are mentioned as contemporaries of the A. D. 1094, when he had many conversations with
council and founders of the Massalian or Euchite sect. Peter the Hermit, then on a pilgrimage to the
Theodoret also (cHaeret. Fabul. Conpennd. iv. 11) Holy Land, on the deplorable state of the Christians
mentions them. In the older editions of Photius in the East; and these conversations were among
the name of Symeon was written.,1jueceo'1s, "' Se- the means of exciting the compassion and zeal of
mesones," but Bekker in his edition gives it (on Peter, and eventually of producing the crusades.
the authority of a manuscript in the library of On the arrival of the crusaders in Syria, and the
Cardinal Bessarion, now of St. Mark, at Venice) formation of the siege of Antioch by them, in A. D.
vxEeowvv7s, Symeones, which is the form used by 1098, Symeon, terrified by the threats of the
Theodoret (I. c.). Lambecius and Tollius give it as Turks of Jerusalem, fled to the island of Cyprus.:uv~ecav, Symeon. The sect of which he was one From this island he maintained a friendly interof the leaders had its rise in the reign of the Em- course with the leaders of the crusaders, sending
peror Constantius II., apparently in the parts of them presents of fruits, wine, poultry, and such
Mesopotamia and Asia Minor adjacent to the Eu- things as he could. He died just about the time
phrates. They were a very enthusiastic sect, who of the capture of Jerusalem, and the vacancy caused
placed the whole business of life in prayer and re- by his death being filled up by the crusaders with
ligious exercises, in which they gave themselves up a patriarch of the Latin Church, and by the native
to unwonted and uncontrolled excesses. Their Christians with one of the Greek Church, gave
names, Massaliani or Messaliani or Mesaliani occasion to a long continued schism and a succession
(MaooaaXaroi or Meosoaxavol, or MearaMavof), and of rival claimants of the two Churches. An extant
Euchitae (EiX7rLa), derived the first from the treatise De Azymis adversus Latinos, from which
Syriac, the second from the Greek language, were Allatius (De Symeon. Scriptis, p. 180) gives a passignificant of their characteristic practice; they sage, is ascribed, and apparently with good reason,
meant " praying people." i to our Symeon. Le Quien, indeed, doubts whether