A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

SYENNESIS. SYMEON. 949
SYAGER (12aypos), one of the alleged ante- writers. (See Littr6's Oeuvres d'Hippocr. vol. i.
Homeric poets, is said to have flourished after Or- p. 419.) [W. A. G.]
pheus and Musaeus, and to have been the first SYLLA. [SULLA.]
who sang the Trojan War. (Ael. V. H. xiv. 21; SYLOSON (2v;Aoaov), the son of Aeaces, asEustath. ad II. vol. i. p. 3.) He is perhaps the sisted his brother Polycrates in making himself
same as the Sagaris whom Aristotle mentioned, master of their native island Samos. For a time
according to Diogenes Lalrtius (ii. 46), as con- Polycrates shared the supreme power with Syloson
temporary with Homer. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. and his other brother Pantagnotus; but shortly
i. pp. 6, 291, 562; Bode, Gesch. d. Hellenz. Dicet- afterwards he put the latter to death, and banished
kunst, vol. i. p. 247.) [P. S.] the former. Syloson therefore repaired to Egypt,
SYCHAEUS or SICHAEUS, a wealthy Phoe- where Cambyses was at that time with his Persian
nician and husband of Dido, whose brother Pyg- army. As he was one day walking in Memphis,
malion, anxious to secure his treasures, treacher- a scarlet cloak which he wore attracted the notice
ously murdered him. (Virg. Aen. i. 347, &c., iv. of Dareius, son of Hystaspes, who was then serving
20, 502, 532, 632, vi. 474; Justin, xviii. 4, calls among the guards of the Persian monarch. Dareius
him Acerbas, and represents the matter somewhat offered to buy the cloak; but a divine inspiration,
differently from the account in Virgil.) [L. S.] as Herodotus says, prompted Syloson to reply that
SYE'NNESIS (2vi'eoetrs), appears to have he would not sell it, but would give it him, if he
been a common name of the kings of Cilicia. We must have it. Dareits accepted the present, and
find the following mentioned in history. there the matter ended for the time. But at
1. A king of Cilicia, who joined with Labynetus length Syloson heard, with surprise, that the un(Nebuchadnezzar) in mediating between Cyaxares known Persian to whom he had given the cloak,
and Alyattes, the kings respectively of Media and was now the great king. He accordingly hastened
Lydia, probably in B. c. 610. (Herod. i. 74; to Susa, and found Dareius willing to remunerate
comp. Grote's Greece, vol. iii. pp. 311, 312.) him in a manner worthy of the king of Persia.
2. Another, contemporary with Dareius Hys- Syloson refused the gold and silver which were
taspis, to whom he was tributary. His daughter offered him, and prayed that the island of Samos
was married to Pixodarus. [PIXODARus, No. 1.] might be handed over to him. His request was
(Herod. iii. 90, v. 118.) He was perhaps the complied with, and Otanes was sent with an army
same prince whom Herodotus mentions (vii. 98) as to place the island in the power of Syloson. Since
one of the most distinguished of the subordinate the death of Polycrates, the supreme power had
commanders in the fleet of Xerxes. (Comp. Aesch. been in the hands of Maeandrius. The latter was
Pets. 318, &c.) in no condition to resist the Persians, and he capi.
3. Contemporary with Artaxerxes II. (Mnemon). tulated to quit the island with his treasures; but
When Cyrus the younger, marching against Ar- immediately after he had sailed away, his crazy
taxerxes, in B. C. 401, arrived at the borders of brother Charilaus, whom he had left in cormmaind
Cilicia, he found the passes guarded by Syennesis, of the Acropolis, fell upon the unsuspecting Perwho, however, withdrew his troops, on receiving sians, and killed many of their officers. [PoLYintelligence that the force sent forward by Cyrus CRATES; MAEANDRIUS; CHARILAUS.] The conunder Menon had already entered Cilicia, and that sequence of this treacherous conduct was a wholethe combined fleet of the Lacedaemonians and the sale massacre of the inhabitants by Otanes; and
prince, under Samius and Tamos, was sailing round the island was handed over to Syloson, stripped of
fiom Ionia. When Cyrus reached Tarsus, the its male inhabitants. Otanes afterwards repeopled
Cilician capital, he found that Menon's soldiers had the island, but we are not told from what quarter
sacked the city, and that Syennesis had fled for the new population came. Strabo represents Sylorefuge to a stronghold among the mountains. He son as a cruel tyrant, who depopulated the island,
was induced, however, by his wife Epyaxa to obey but continued to rule Samos, as a tributary of
the summons of Cyrus, and to present himself before Persia, till his death, when he was succeeded in
him at Tarsus. Here he received gifts of honour the supreme power by his son Aeaces. (Herod.
from the young prince, whom he supplied in his iii. 39, 139-149, vi. 13; Strab. xiv. p. 638;
turn with a large sum of money and a considerable Grote, Hist. of Greece, vol. iv. pp. 332- 337.)
body of troops under the command of one of his SYLVA'NUS. [SILVANUS.]
sons. At the same time, however, he took care to SY JLVIUS. [SILviUS.]
send his other son to Artaxerxes, to represent this SYME (:Vtu7), a daughter of Ialysus and
step as having been taken on compulsion, while Dotis, was carried off by Glaucus to an island near
his heart all the time was with the king. From Rhodes, off the coast of Caria, which received its
the narrative of Xenophon it appears that Syen- name from her. (Athen. vii. p. 296; Steph. Byz.
nesis at this time, though really a vassal of Persia, s. v.) [L. S.J
affected the tone of an independent sovereign. SY'MEON or SI'MEON or SYMEO'NES
(Xen. Ilell. iii. 1. ~ I, Anab. i. 2. ~~ 12, 21-27, (:vvEI,4v sometimes ZuptedvLs), literary and ec4. ~ 4, vii. 8. ~ 25; Diod. xiv. 20; Wess. ad clesiastical. i. ABBAS [No. 16].
loc.) [E. E.] 2. ACOEMITENSIS MONACHUS. Symeones, a
SYE'NNESIS (Z:v'vveos), a physician of Cy- monk of one of the monasteries of the Acoemitenses
prus, who must have lived in or before the fourth at Constantinople, was sent by Cyril, his hegumecentury B. C., as he is mentioned by Aristotle nus or abbot, to Pope Felix II. or III. at Rome,
(Hist. Anim. iii. 2. ~ 3), who quotes from his to stir him up to the more active support of orthowritings a passage on the origin of the veins. doxy, then seriously threatened in the East by the
This fragment also forms part of the treatise " De strength of the Monophysite party and. the tempoOssium Natura" in the Hippocratic Collection rising policy of the Emperor Anastasius, and the
(vol. i. p. 507), which is in fact composed en- patriarch of Constantinople, Acacius. The mission
tirely of passages taken from different ancient of Symeon determined the Pope to act more de3' P o