A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

86 PALAEOLOGUS. PALAEOLOGUJS.
test was introduced for the first time. (Paus. v. 8. compass of the present work; and we can only
~ 7.) mention the leading Palaeologi spoken of in
2. The father of Pindar, according to Eustathius Byzantine history. A full account of all of them
(Prooem. Comment. Pind.). is given by Du Cange, where all the authorities
3. A native of Thebes,, the son of Aeoladas. for the following particulars are collected (Familiae
He was one of the Boeotarchs in the year B.c. 424, Byzantinae, pp. 230-348).
when'the Athenian expedition to Delium took 1. NICEPHORUS PALAEOLOGUS, with the title
place. After the fortification of Delium the Athe- of Hypertimus, was a faithful servant of the
nian troops received orders to return, and the emperor Nicephorus III. Botaniates (A.D. 1078
light troops proceeded without stopping to Attica. -1081), and was rewarded by him with the
The heavy-armed infantry halted a short distance government of Mesopotamia. He perished in
from Delium to wait for the Athenian general battle in the reign of his successor Alexius I.
Hippocrates. Meantime the Boeotian forces had Comnenus, while defending Dyrrhachium (Duassembled at Tanagra. Most of the Boeotarchs razzo) against the Normans, A.D. 1081.
were unwilling to attack the Athenians. But 2. GEORGIUS PALAEOLOCUS, the son of the
Pagondas, who was one of the two Theban Boeo- preceding, was celebrated for his military abilities,
tarchs,. and was commander-in-chief of the Boeotian and served with his father under the emperors
forices, wishing that the chance of a battle should Nicephorus III. and Alexius I. He married
be tried, by an appeal to the several divisions of Irene, the daughter of the Protovestiarius Androthe army persuaded the troops to adopt his views. nicus Ducas.
His harangue is reported by Thucydides (iv. 92). 3. MICISAEL PALAEOLOGUS, with the title of
The day being far advanced, he led the main body Sebastus, probably a son of No. 2, was banished
of his troops at futll speed to meet the Athenians, by Calo-Joannes or Joannes II. Comnenus, the
despatching one portion to keep in check the successor of Alexius I. Comnenus (A.. 1118cavalry stationed by Hippocrates at Delium; and, 1143), but was recalled from banishment by
having reached a spot where he was only sepa- Manuel I. Comnenus, the successor of Calorated by a hill from the enemy, he drew up his Joannes. He conmmanded the Greek forces in
army in battle array, and reached the summnit of southern Italy, and carried on war with success
the ridge when the Athenian line was scarcely against William, king of Sicily, but died in 1155,
formed. As the Boeotian troops halted to take in the middle of his conquests, at the town of
breath Pagondas again harangued them. The Bari, which he had taken a short time before.
Theban division, which was twenty-five deep, bore 4. GEORGIUS PALABOLOGUTS, with the title of
down all opposition, and the appearance of two Sebastus, a contemporary of No. 3, was employed
squadrons of Boeotian cavalry, which Pagondas by Manuel I. Comnenus in many important emhad sent round the back of the hill to support his bassies. He is supposed by Du Cange to be the
left wing, threw the Athenians into complete con- samne as the Georgius Palaeologus, who took part
fusion, and the rout became general. Seventeen in the conspiracy by which Isaac II. Angelus was
days after the battle the fortress at Delium dethroned, and Alexins III. Angelus raised to the
was also taken. (Thuc. iv. 91 -96; Athen. v. p. crown in 1195, and who was killed in the storming
215, f.) of Crizimon in 1199.
4. A man of the name of Pagondas is spoken of 5. NICEPIORUS PALAEOLOGUS, governor of
by Theodoretus (de Cur. Affect. Graec. lib. ix.), as a Trapezus, about A. D. 1179.
legislator among the Achaeans. But as nothing 6. ANDRONICUS PALAEOLOGUS, married the
further is known of him, and Pagondas is a name eldest daughter of the emperor Theodorus Lascaris.
that does not elsewhere appear in use among the 7. ALExrus PALAEOLOGUS, married Irene, the
Achaeans, all those bearing the name of whom eldest daughter of Alexius III. Angelus, and was
we have any certain knowledge being Boeotians, destined by this emperor as his successor, but he
it has been conjectured with some probability died shortly before the arrival of the Crusaders at
that the name Pagondas in the passage of Theo- Constantinople.
doretus has been substituted through some mis- 8. ANDRONICUS PALAEOLOGUS, the ancestor of
take for Charondas. (Fabric. Bibl. Gracec. vol. ii. the imperial family of the Palaeologi, was Maginus
p. 36.) [C. P. M.] Domesticus under the emperors Theodorus LasPALAEO'LOGUS (flahamoAyeos), the name of carls and Joannes III. Vatatzes. He assumed
an illustrious Byzantine family, of which there are the surname of Comnenus, which was borne likesaid to have been descendants still existing in the wise by his descendants. He married Irene
17th century (Du Cange, Familiae Byzantinae, p. Palaeologina, the daughter of Alexius Palaeologus
255). This family is first mentioned in the eleventh [No. 7], and the grand-daughter of the emperor
century [see below No. 1], and from that time down Alexius III. His children being thus descended,
to the downfall of the Byzantine empire the name both on their father's and mother's side, from the
constantly occurs. It was the last Greek family Palaeologi are called by Georgius Phranzes (i. 1)
that sat upon the thr6ne of Constantinople, and it 7rao7rXxaehauody/oL. The following stemma, which
reigned uninterruptedly from the year 1260 to has been drawn up by Wilken (in Ersch and
1453, when Constantinople was taken by the Gruber's Encyklopiidie, art. Paliioloyen) from Du
Turks, and the last emperor of the family fell Cange's work, exhibits all the descendants of this
while bravely defending his capital. A branch of Andronicus Palaeologus. The lives of all the
this family ruled over Montferrat in Italy from emperors are given in separate articles, and the
A.D. 1305 to 1530, Theodorus Comnenus Palaeo- other persons are not of sufficient importance to
logus, the son of Andronicus II., taking possession require a distinct notice. Of course, all the
of the principality in virtue of the will of John of persons on this stemma bore the name of PalaeoMontferrat, who died without children. This logus, but it is omitted here in order to save
branch of the family does not fall within the space.