A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

928 STUDITA. ST UDITA.
a boy, of which Brutus was so fond that it was Urbin. 1727), Joseph is said to have lived in the
inamed after him. (Sillig, Cat. Art. s. v.; Ross, time of the emperor Theophilus, and to have been
as above quoted; R. Rochette, Lettsre a M. Schorn, elected archbishop of Thessalonica with unallipp. 409-411, 2d. ed.; Nagler, Kiinstler-Lexicon, mous approval, on account of his recognised excels. v.) [P. S.] lence of character. It appears, however, that his
STRO'PHIUS (2rpoPLoS.) 1. The father of appointment was long antecedent to the reign of
Scamandrius. (Hom. Il. v. 49.) Theophilus; and that it was by no means unex2. A son of Crissus and Antiphateia, and hus- ceptionable; for when his quarrel with the paband of Cydragora, Anaxibia or Astyocheia, by triarch Nicephorus had brought him into trouble,
whom he became the father of Astydameia and he had to defend himself against the charge of
Pylades. (Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 33; Paus. ii. 29. having improperly thrust himself into his see; and
~ 4; Pind. Pyth. xi. 35.) his defence seems to admit that the objection was
3. A son of Pylades and Electra. Paus. ii. 16. not altogether groundless (Baron. Annales Eccles.
in fin.) [L. S.] ad ann. 808, xvii. &c.). In what year he became
STRUCTUS, a cognomen in the Servilia archbishop is not clear; but in A. D. 809, if we
gens, almost always occurs in connection with adopt the chronology of Baronius who follows Theothose of AHALA or of PRISCUS, under which the phanes, he was deposed, exiled, and imprisoned
Structi are given. The only Structus who is (ibid. ad ann. 809, viii. xlvi.; Theophan. Chronog.
mentioned with this cognomen alone, is Sp. Servi- p. 409, ed. Paris, p. 325, ed. Venice, p. 752, ed.
lus Structus, who was consular tribune in B. c. 368. Bonn; Cedren. Compend. p. 478, ed. Paris, vol. ii.
STRUTHAS (2spoiOas), a Persian, was sent p. 36, ed. Bonn). The occasion of this -severe
by Altaxerxes II. (Mnemon), in B. C. 392, to su- treatment was his refusal to communicate with the
persede Tiribazus in the satrapy of Western Asia. patriarch Nicephorus of Constantinople, because
Recollecting the successful Asiatic campaigns of the latter had restored to the office of oeconomus
Agesilaus, Struthas had a strong conviction of the or steward of the great church at Constantinople,
formidable power of the Spartans, and therefore on the presbyter Joseph, who had officiated at the
his arrival took part warmly with the Athenians. marriage of the emperor Constantine VI. with
The Lacedaemonian government sent out Thibron the harlot Theodote or Theodata, in A. D. 795
to act against him; but this officer suffered himself [CONSTANTINUS VI.]; but it is probable that
to be surprised by Struthas, and was slain in an the quarrel was embittered by the iconoclastic conengagement in which his army was defeated by the troversy, and that the ejected prelate was regarded
Persians. Diphridas was then despatched to take as a confessor for the truth rather than a sufferer
the command of the Spartan forces, and was more in a squabble about an individual.
successful in his operations against Struthas. [DI- Soon after the accession of the emperor Michael
PHRIDAS.] (Xen. hiell. iv. 8. ~~ 17-21.) By I. Rhangabe, Joseph recovered his liberty and his
the year 388. c. we find Tiribazus again in see (Theophan. Crsonog. p. 419, ed. Paris, p. 333,
possession of his satrapy. (Xen. Hell. v. 1. ~ ed. Venice, p. 770, ed. Bonn; Zonaras, Annales,
6.) [E. E.] lib. xv. c. 17). When the iconoclastic party,
STRYMON (>rpvuc~tv), a son of Oceanus and under the patronage of Leo V. the Armenian, reTethys, was a river god of Thrace, and is called a gained the ascendancy, Joseph was among the
king of Thrace. (Hes. Theog. 339; Conon, Narr. champions and sufferers in the cause of images.
4; Anton. Lib. 21.) By Euterpe or Calliope, he He was confined in an island, apparently one of
became the father of Rhesus (Apollod. i. 3. ~ 4; those in the Propontis, in one of which he had
Eurip. Rhes. 347), and by Neaera of Euadne. been before confined in A. D. 809 (Theodor. Studit.
(Apollod. ii. 1. ~ 2.) [L. S.] Epistola, apud Baron. Annales, ad ann. 815. xi.
STUDITA (JOSEPHUS). Under the article 816. xliv. &c.). It is mentioned in the life of
JOSEPHUS we gave references to this article from St. Nicetas, the Bithynian confessor, that Joseph
the following Josephi:- No. 5, CONFESSOR; attended at his funeral, which may be fixed in
No. 14, of SICILY; No. 15, STUDITA; and No. A. D. 824 (Acta Sanctor. April, vol. i. pp. 253, 265,
16, of THESSALONICA. We were led to do this and Appendix, p. xxxii.). Nothing seems to be
by the authority of Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. known of him after this, unless we accept as true
p. 79), who has confounded Josephus, the brother the statement of the lienologiman Basilianum (1. c.),
of Theodorus Studita, with Josephus Siculus. On that he was imprisoned by the emperor Theophilus
further examination we have found that they for refilsing to renounce the adoration of images,
were distinct persons, and therefore give them here and died in prison. But the statement is rendered
distinctly. doubtful by the addition that, at the time when he
1. JOSEPrUS STUDITA (i. e. monk of the was put in prison, his brother Theodore was baconvent of Studium, rTv,4Tovaiov, at Con- nished: for Theodore died in A. D. 826, three years
stantinople), brother of Theodore Studita is before the accession of Theophilus; so that the
further known by the titles of Joseph the CON- account is, at any rate, inaccurate; and whether
FESSOR (4 dUAohoy17Tirs'Iwoas7p) and Joseph of there is any truth in it can hardly be now ascerTHESSALONICA. His parents, Photinus and Theoc- tained. It is not certain that Joseph lived to the
tista, appear to have been resident at or near Con- accession of the emperor. He was dead before,
stantinople: and Joseph and his brother Theodore and apparently long before 844, in which year the
were monks in the convent of Studium (Anonym. relics of Theodore Studita were transferred with
De Monasterio Studii, apud Pagi, Critice in Ba- great pomp to the church of the Precursor (sc. John
ronii Annales, ad ann. 814, c. xvi.), of which the Baptist), in the monastery of Studium, where
Theodore was afterwards abbot, and which was those of Joseph were already reposing (Vita S.
then eminent for the reputed sanctity of its in- Vicolai Studitae, apud Acta Sanctorum Februar.
mates. In a eulogistic notice of Joseph in the vol. i. p. 547). There are some writings of Joseph
Menologium Basilianum (pars iii. p. 167, fol. extant. Baronius has given (Annal. ad ann. 808,