A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PAERISADES. PAETUS. 833
Paean was transferred to the song dedicated to his reign have been transmitted to us, except
him, that is, to hymns chanted to Apollo for the that we find him at one period (apparently
purpose of averting an evil, and to warlike songs, about B. c. 333) engaged in a war with the
which were sung before or during a battle. [L. S.] neighbouring Scythians (Dem. c. Plorm. p. 909),
PAlDARITUS. [PEDARITUS.] and he appears to have continued the same
PAEON (IIaiwv), of Amathus, wrote an ac- friendly relations with the Athenians which were
count of Theseus and Ariadne, referred to by Plu- begun by his father Leucon. (Id. ib. p. 917.) But
tarch (Thles. 20). we are told, in general terms, that he was a mild
2. A son of Antilochus, and grandson of Nestor. and equitable ruler, and was so much beloved
(Paus. ii. 18. ~ 7.) by his subjects as to obtain divine honours after
3. A son of Endymion, and brother of Epeius, his death. (Strab. vii. p. 310.) He left three
Aetolus, and Eurycyde; from whom the district sons, Satyrus, Eumelus and Prytanis. (Diod. xx.
of Paeonia, on the Axius in Macedonia, was be- 22.)
lieved to have derived its name. (Paus. v. I. ~ 2, He is probably the same person as the Biri&c.) [Ii. S.] sades mentioned by Deinarchus (c. Dem. p. 95),
PAEON (naiwv). 1. A son of Poseidon by to whom Demosthenes had proposed that a statue
Ilelle, who fell into the Hellespont. In some should be erected at Athens. (See Wlesseling ad
legends he was called Edonus. (Hygin. Poet. Astr. Diod. xiv. 93; Clinton, F. II. vol. ii. p. 284.)
ii. 20.) 2. Son of Satyrus, and grandson of the prePAEO'NIA (ITaiwvla), i. e. the healing goddess, ceding. He was the only one of the children of
was a surname of Athena, under which she had a SatSrus who escaped from the designs of his uncle
statue at Athens, and an altar in the temple of Eumelus, and took refuge at the court of Agarus
Amphiaraus at Oropus. (Paus. i. 2. ~ 4, 34. king of Scythia, n.c. 308. (Diod. xx. 24.)
~ 2.) [L. S.] 3. A second king of Bosporus, and the last
PAEO'NIUS, instructed the two young Ciceros, monarch of the first dynasty that ruled in that
Marcus and Quintus. in rhetoric, B. C. 54 (Cic. ad country. He was probably a descendant of No. 1,
Qu. Fr. iii. 3. ~ 4). but the history of the kingdom of Bosporus,
PAEO'NIUS (ralaYos). 1. Of Ephesus, an during the period previous to his reign, is wholly
architect, whose time is uncertain; most probably lost. We only know that the pressure of the
he lived between B. C. 420 and 380. In con- Scythian tribes from without, and their constantly
junction with Demetrius, he finally completed the increasing demands of tribute, which he was
great temple of Artemis, at Ephesus, which Cher- unable to resist, at length induced Paerisades
siphron had begun [CHERSIPHRON]; anld, with voluntarily to cede his sovereignty to Mithridates
Daphnis the Milesian, he began to build at the Great. (Strab. vii. pp. 309, 310.) The date of
Miletus a temple of Apollo, of the Ionic order. this event is wholly unknown, but it cannot be
(Vitruv. vii. Praef. ~ 16.) The latter was the placed earlier than B. C. 112, nor later than
famous ildymaeumn, or temple of Apollo Didymus, B.C. 88. It is uncertain whether an anecdote
the ruins of which are still to be seen near related by Polyaenus (vii. 37) refers to this PaeMiletus. The former temple, in which the Bran- iisades or to No. 1. [E. IH. B.]
chidae had an oracle of Apollo (from which the PAETI'NUS, a lengthened form of Paetus
place itself obtained the name of Branchidae), was [PAETUS], like Albinus of Albus, was a family
burnt at, the capture of Miletus by the army of name of the Fulvia Gens. It superseded the family
Dareius, B. C. 498. (Herod. vi. 19; see Blihr's Note.) name of Curvus, of which it was originally an agThe new temple, which was on a scale only nomen, and was superseded in its turn by the name
inferior to that of Artemis, was never finished. of Nobilior.
It was dipteral, decastyle, hypaethral: among its 1. M. FULviUS CURvvs PAE. TINUS, consul B. C.
extensive ruins two columns are still standing. 305. [FuLvIus, No. 2.]
(Strab. xiv. p. 634; Paus. vii. 5. ~ 4; Chandler, 2. M. FuLvIus PABTINUS, Consul B. C. 299
p. 151; Ionian Antiq. vol. i. c. 3. p. 27; Hirt, with T. Manlius Torquatus. (Liv. x. 9.)
Geschl. d. Baukunst, vol. ii. p. 62, and pl. ix. x.) 3. SER. FULVIUJS PAETINUS NOBILIOR, consul
2. Of Mende, in Thrace, a statuary and B. C. 255. [NOBILIoR, No. 1.]
sculptor, of whom we have but little information, PAETUS, a cognomen in many Roman gentes,
but whose celebrity may be judged of from the was indicative, like many other Roman cognomens,
fact, that he executed the statues in the pediment of a bodily defect or peculiarity; as for instance,
of the frbnt portico of the temple of Zeus at Capito, Fronto, Naso, Varus, &c. It signified a
Olympia, those in the pediment of the portico of person who had a slight cast in the eye, and is ace
the opisthodomus being entrusted to Alcamenes cordingly classed by Pliny with the word Stroba
(Paus. v. 10). He also made the bronze statue (H. N. xi. 37. s. 55); but that it did not indicate
of Nike, which the Messenians of Naupactus such a complete distortion of vision as the latter
dedicated at Olympia. (Paus. x. 26. ~ 1.) He word is clear from Horace, who describes a father
must have flourished about the 86th Olympiad, calling a son that was Strabo by the name of PaeB. c. 435. (See further, Sillig, Catal. Art. s.v.; tus, when he wished to extenuate the defect (Sat.
Miuller, Arcihaol. de Kunst, ~ 112. n. 1. ~ 119, i. 3. 45). Indeed, the slight cast implied in the
n. 2.) [P. S.] word Paetus was considered attractive rather than
PAERI'SADES or PARI'SADES (lIalpLcda7is otherwise, and we accordingly find it given as an
or IIapLroa'&s). The latter form is the more epithet to Venus. (Ov. Ar. Am. ii. 659; Auctor,
common: but the former, which is that used by Priapeia, 36).
Strabo, is confirmed by the evidence of coins. PAETUS, AE/LIUS. The Paeti were the
1. A king of Bosporus, son of Leucon, suc- most ancient family of the Aelia gens, and some of
ceeded his brother Spartacus in B.c. 349, and reigned them were celebrated for their knowledge of the
thirty-eight years. (Diod. xvi. 52.) No events of Roman law. See below.
G'2