A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

82 PACUVIUS. PAEAN.
writers in antiquity to have been one of the greatest 3. SEX. PACUvmIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. c. 27,
of the Latin tragic poets. Horace regarded him in which year Octavian received the title of Auand Accius (Ep. ii. 1. 56) as the two most im- gustus, outdid all his contemporaries in his flattery
portant of the early tragedians; and he is especially of Augustus, and devoted himself as a vassal to the
praised for the loftiness of his thoughts, the vigour emperor in the Spanish fashion. (Dion Cass. liii.
of his language, and the extent of his knowledge. 20.) Dion Cassius says, that according to some
Hence we find the epithet doctus frequently applied authorities his name was Apudius; but it would
to him, and the great critic Varro (ap. Gell. vii. 14) appear that Pacuvius is the right name, since Mapraises him for the ubertas of his style. He was at crobius tells us (Sat. i. 12) that it was Sex. Pacuthe same time an equal favourite with the people, vius, tribune of the plebs, who proposed the plewith whom his verses continued to be esteemed in biscitum by which the name of the month of Sextilis
the time of Julius Caesar (comp. Cic. de Arnic. 7; was changed into that of Augustus in honour of
Suet. Caes. 84). The tragedies of Pacuvius con- the emperor. This Sex. Pacuvius appears to be
tinued, like those of his predecessors on the Latin the same as the Pacuvius Taurus, upon whom
stage, to be taken from Sophocles, Euripides, and Augustus perpetrated a joke, when he was one day
the great Greek writers; but he did not confine begging a con qiarium from the emperor. (Macrob.
himself to a mere translation of the latter, as most Sat. ii. 4.) The Sex. Pacuvius Taurus, plebeian
of the previous Latin writers had done, but worked aedile, mentioned by Pliny (H. N. xxxiv. 5. s. 11),
up his- materials with more freedom and inde- was a different person from the preceding one, and
pendent judgment, of which we have an example in lived at a more ancient time.
his Dulorestes, which was an adaptation to the 4. PAcuvous LABEO, to whom was addressed a
Latin stage of the Ipoigeneia in Tauris of Euripides. letter of Capito, cited by A. Gellius (v. 21).
Some of the plays of Pacuvius were not based upon 5. PAcuvIus, a legate of Sentius in Syria,
the Greek tragedies, but belonged to the class A. D. 19 (Tac. Ann. ii. 79), is probably the same
called Praetextatae, in which the subjects were Pacuvius who is mentioned by Seneca (Ep. ii.
taken from Roman story. One of these was en- 12).
titled Paullus, and had as its hero the celebrated PACU'VIUS, C. ATEIUS, was one of the
L. Aemilius Paullus who conquered Perseus, king pupils of Servius Sulpicius, who are enumerated
of Macedonia (Gell. ix. 14). The following titles by Pomponius. (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. ~ 44.) This
of his tragedies have come down to us:-Anchises; appears to be the Ateius, who is cited by Labeo
Antiopa; Azrmorum Judiciun; Attalanta; Chryses; (Dig. 23. tit. 3. s. 79) as authority for an opinion
Dulorestes; Hermiona; Iliona; Mledus or Medea; of Servius on the words "cum commodissimum
Niptra; Periboea; Tantalus (doubtful); Teucer; esset," which were part of the terms of a gift of dos.
T7Iyestes. Of these the Antiopa and the Dulorestes Another opinion of Servius is cited from him also
were by far the most celebrated. by Labeo (34. tit. 2. s. 39. ~ 2). This Pacuvius
Although the reputation of Pacuvius rested appears also to be the jurist quoted byUlpian (13.
almost exclusively on his tragedies, yet he seems tit. 6. s. 1). [G. L.]
to have written other kinds of poetry. He is ex- PAEA'NIUS (raLcid.os0), the author of a transpressly mentioned as having composed Saturae, lation of the history of Eutropius into Greek.,It
according to the old Roman meaning of the word is quite uncertain who this Paeanius was, but it
(Diomedes, iii. p. 482, ed. Putschius), and there has been conjectured that he lived not long after
seems no reason for doubting, as some modern Eutropius himself. This translation, of which
writers have done, that he also wrote comedies. Zonaras seems to have often availed himself, is not
The Pseudo is expressly mentioned as a comedy of very accurate, but still not inelegant. It was printed
Pacuvius (Fulgentius, p. 562), and the Tarentilla for the first time by F. Sylburg in the third volume
may also have been a comedy. The fragments of his Romanae Historiae Scriptores, Francof.
of Pacuvius are published in the collections of 1590, and is also contained in the editions of EuStephanus, Fraqclnzenta ret. Poet., Paris, 1564, of tropius by Hearne, Havercamp, and Verheyk. It
Scriverius, Tragicoruim Vet. Fragin. Lugd. Batav. has been printed in a separate form by Kaltwasser
1620, and of Bothe, Poet. Latii Scenic. Fragm. under the title, "Paeanii Metaphrasis in Eutropii
vol. i. Lips. 1834. (The principal ancient autho- Historiam Romanam, in usum scholarum," Gotha,
rities respecting Pacuviusare: Hieronym. inEuseb. 1780.
C(is-on. Olymp. 156. 3; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 4. s. 7; PAEAN (fIadv,, ralawv or rlawov), that is,
Vell. Pat. ii. 9; Quintil. x. 1; Gell. vii. 14, xiii. " the healing," is according to Homer the designa2, xvii. 21; Cic. de Optinz. Gen. Orat. i. 6, Brut. tion of the physician of the Olympian gods, who
64, 74, de Amic. 7, Tusc. ii. 21, de Orat. i. 58, ad heals, for example, the wounded Ares and Hades.
Ilerenn. iv. 4; Hor. Ep. ii. 1. 55; Pers. i. 77. (II. v. 401, 899.) After the time of Homer and
The chief modern writers are: Delrio, Syntagn. Hesiod, the word aldad becomes a surname of AsTrag. Iat. Antv. 1594, and Paris, 1620; Sagit- clepius, the god who had the power of healing.
tarius, De Vita el Scriptis Livii Andronici, M1~. Pa- (Eustath. ad Hornm. p. 1494; Virg. Aen. vii. 769.)
cuvii, Wc., Altenb. 1672; Annibal di Leo, Memorie The name was, however, used also in the more gedi M. Pacuvio Anticlissimo Poeta Tragico, Napoli, neral sense of deliverer from any evil or calamity
17633; Lange, Vindiciae T'ag. Rom. Lips. 1822\; (Pind. Pyth. iv. 480), and was thus applied to
Nidke, Comoment. de Pacuvii Duloreste, Ind. Lect. Apollo and Thanatos, or Death, who are conceived
Bonn. 1822; Stieglitz, de Pacuvii Duloreste, Lips. as delivering men from the pains and sorrows of
1826: Vater, in Ersch and Gruber's Encyklopiidie, life. (Soph. Oed. Tyr. 154; Paus. i. 34. ~ 2;
art. Pacuvius.) Eurip. Hioppol. 1373.) With regard to Apollo and
PACU'VIUS. I and 2. M. and Q. PACUVHI, Thanatos however, the name may at the same
with the cognomen CLAUDII, who subscribed the time contain an allusion to wraeirv, to strike, since
accusation of Valerius against M. Scaurus, B. C. 54. both are also regarded as destroyers. (Eustath. ad
(Ascon. in Scaur. p. 19, ed. Orelli.) Hors. p. 137.) From Apollo himself the name