A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

874 SOPHOCLES. SOPHONISBA..
most useful edition for the ordinary student is that dramas were ascribed (Suid. s. v.) The name.also
by Wunder, in Jacobs and Rost's Bibliotheca occurs on the Orchomenian inscription.
Graeca, containing the text, with critical and ex- 4. An Athenian orator, whose oration for Eueplanatory notes and introductions, Gothae et Er- temon is quoted by Aristotle. (Rhet. i. 15.)
furdt, 1831-1846, 2 vols. 8vo. in 7 parts, and Ruhnken supposes that it was he, and not the
with a supplemental part of emendations to the poet, who was one of the Probuli, and that he was
Trachiniae, Grimae, 1841, 8vo. the same as the Sophocles who is mentioned by
For a list of the editions of separate plays, and Xenophon (Hlellen. ii. 3. ~ 2) as one of the Thirty
of the editions not noticed above, the reader is Tyrants. (Hist. Crit. Orat. Graec., No. viii.)
referred to I-Hoffmann's Lexicon Bibliographicuin 5. A grammarian, who wrote commentaries onl
Scriptorumn Graecorunm. the works of Apollonius Rhodius. (Schol. ad ArisAmong the numerous translations of Sophocles, topk. Nub. 397; Steph. Byz. s. vv. "ACavpos and
very few have been at all successful. There are Kdvaor-rpov.)
English versions by Franklin, Loend. 1758; Potter, 6. The son of Amphicleides, a native of Sunium,
Lend. 1788; (and Dale, 1824. The best German was the author of a decree expelling the philosotranslations are those of Solger, Berlin, 1808, 1824, phers from the Attic territory, or, as others say,
2 vols. 8vo.,and Fritz, Berlin, 1843, 8vo. Among forbidding any one, on pain of death, to preside
the translations of separate plays, those of the over a school of philosophy, without the consent of
Antigone, by B/ickh and Donaldson, interpaged in the senate and people. After a year the decree
their respective editions, deserve notice; Bickh, was revoked, and Sophocles was fined five talents.
Berlin, 1843, 8vo.; Donaldson, London, 1848, 8vo. (Diog. Lairt. v. 38; Pollux, ix. 42; Ath. xiii.
A nearly complete list of the works illustrating p. 610, e. f.; Alexis, op. Ath. 1. c.) From the
Sophocles will be found in Hoffmann's Lexicon. fragment of the'I7r7res of Alexis preserved by
They are far too numerous to be mentioned here; Athenaeus (1. c.) it is evident that the law was
but it would be wrong to pass over the one, which passed at end of 01. 115 or the beginning of 01.
is the most useful of them all for understanding 116, B. c. 316 (Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Grace.
the language of the author, namely Ellendt's Lexicon p. 394). [P. S.]
Sophocleum, Regiment. Pruss. (Kiinigsberg) 1835, SOPHO'NIAS (Yopovlar), a Greek monk who
2 vols. 8vo. wrote commentaries on Aristotle. Fabricius con2. The son of Ariston and grandson of the elder jectures that he was the same Sophonias to whom
Sophocles, was also an Athenian tragic poet. The one of the epistles of Simon of Constantinople, prolove of his grandfather towards him has been al- bably the same with Simon of Thebes [SIMON, No.
ready mentioned; and it cannot be doubted that 22), is addressed. If this conjecture be admitted he
one chief way in which Sophocles displayed his must be placed about the end of the fourteenth cenaffection was by endeavouring to train up his tury. The following works of his are extant in MS.:
grandson as the inheritor of his own skill in the - 1. In Aristotelis Categorias de Homonymis, Synart of tragedy. We have no definite statement of onymis, Paronymis, Heteronymlis, Polyonyzmis, Wc.
his age, but he was probably under twenty at the (Labbe, Nova Biblioth. MStornum Librorum, p. 115.)
time of his grandfisther's death, as he did not begin 2. lnapipparls els TrO 7reppl *vuxs'ov6 ocpwrdrovu
to exhibit his own dramas till about ten years ICvplov eopoviov, Paraphrasis sapientissimi Sophoafter that time, namely in B. c. 396. (Diod xiv. niae in Aristotelis Libros tres de Anwina (Lambec.
53, where onpoKcArs o' 2ooKAe'ovs must either be Coennentar. de Biblioth. Chesaraea, vol. vii. col.
corrected by adding vulvo's or vaiois, or must be 208, ed. Kollar, fol. Vienna, 1766, &c.; Bandini,
understood to mean the grandson, and the the son). Catal. Codd. G'raec. Laurent. Vliedic. vol. i. p. 297,
He had previously, in B. c. 401, brought out the vol. iii. cell. 19, 278; Hardt. Catalog. Codd.
Oedipus at Colonus (ArgIum. ad Oed. Col.), and MStorum Graec. Biblioth. Reg. Bavar. vol. iv. p.
lNe may safely assume that this was not the only 242). Morelli (Biblioth. MSta Graeca et Latina,
one of his grandfather's dramas which he exhibited. vol. i. p. 128, comp. Graec. D. Marci Bibliotlh. p.
There is much difficulty as to the proper reading of 116, fol. Venet. 1740) speaks of a MS., Aristotelis
the numbers of plays and victories ascribed to him. Praedicamentorumn Paraphrasis, in the Library of
According to the different readings, he exhibited St. Mark at Venice, which is anonymous, but is,
40 or 11 dramas, and gained 12, 11, or 7 prizes. he says, cbmmonly attributed to the monk Sopho(Suid. s. v.; Died. 1. e.; comp. Clinton, F. H. nias: it is apparently only another MS. of the
vol. ii. p. xxxv. e.) All that we know of his work No. 1. No. 2 is in a Florentine MS.
tragedies is contained in a passage of Clemens ascribed, but erroneously, to Simplicius. Beside
Alexandrinus (Protrept. 30, p. 26, Potter), who these works, there is a MS. in the Library of St.
refers to statements made in three of them respect- Mark, containing, —3. ToO roPoceTrdv. ov ayo o
ing the mere humanity of the Dioscuri. It is, Kvpiov Zoqo(pov AOeAEhir7, fnaVhos Ev'AOs'vais 37px7however, a very probable conjecture that, since yopcv, Sophoniae sapientissinmi 1lonachi Declamatio:
Aristophanes of Byzantium pronounced 27 of the Paulus in Athenis Concionem habens ad Popnulum
plays which were extant in his time under the (Graeca D. liarci Biblioth. p. 131). This last
name of the great Sophocles to be spurious, some of work is not mentioned by Fabricius. (Fabric.
these may have been the productions of his grand- Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 209, 236, vol. xi. pp.
son. Suidas also ascribes elegies to the younger 334, 714.) [J. C. M.]
Sophocles. (Welcker, die Griech. Trag. p. 979; SOPHONISBA (:ocpodvtra or Zop&voLCa, see
Kayser, Hist. Crit. Trag. Graec. pp. 79-81; Schweigh. ad Appian. Pun. 27), a daughter of the
Wagner, Poet. Trag. Graec. Frag. in Didot's Carthaginian general, Hasdrubal, the son of Gisco.
Bibliotheca, p. 78.) She had been betrothed by her father, at a very
3. Suidas also mentions an Athenian tragic and early age, to the Numidian prince Masinissa, but
lyric poet of this name, who lived later than the at a subsequent period Ilasdrubal being desirous
poets of the Tragic Pleiad, and to whom fifteen to gain over Syphax, the rival monarch of Numi