A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PACHYMERES. PACHYMERES. 79
the life and works of Pachomius are cited in the Pachymeres died probably shortly after 1310;
course of the article; add Fabric. Bibl. Graec. but some believe that his death took place as late
vol. ix. p. 312, &c.) [J. C. M,] as 1340. There is a wood-cut portrait of PachyPACHO'MIUS, distinguished as the YOUNGER. meres prefixed to Wolf's edition of Nicephorus
Among the histories published by Heribert Ros- Gregoras, Basel, 1562, which the editor had
weyd (Vitae Patrum, fol. Antwerp, 1615, p. 233) engraved after a drawing of a MS. of his Hisis one of a certain Posthumius of Memphis, father toria Byzantina, " which was then at Augsburg."
(i. e. abbot) of five thousand monks. The MSS. Pachymeres wrote several works of importance,
have Pachomius instead of Posthumius. The truth the principal of which are:
of the whole history is, however, strongly suspected 1. Historia Byzantina, being a history of the
by the editors of the Acta Sanctorumn, who have, emperors Michael Palaeologus and Andronicus
nevertheless, printed it in the introduction to the Palaeologus, the Elder, in thirteen books, six of
account of Pachomius of Tabenna, the subject of which are devoted to the life of the former, and
the preceding article. [J. C. M.] seven to that of the latter. This is a most
PACHOMIUS. Valentine Ernest Loescher, in valuable source for the history of the time,
the Appendix to his Stromatea,- s. Dissertationes written with great dignity and calmness, and
Sacri etLiterarii Argumenti,4to. Wittemberg, 1723, with as much impartiality as was possible in
published in the original Greek with a Latin version those stormy times, when both political and relia discourse entitled Pachlomii Monachi Sermonern gious questions of vital importance agitated the
contra Mores sui Saecugi et Providentiae Divinae minds of the Greeks. The style of Pachymeres
Contemtum. Nothing is known of the author: is remarkably good and pure for his age. It
but from internal evidence afforded by the work would seem as if Wolf intended to publish this
itself, it is probable that he was either an Egyptian work from the above-mentioned Augsburg codex,
or Syrian, and wrote not long after the subjugation but was prevented from doing so by causes not known
of his native country by the Saracens in the seventh to us. That Codex,. however, was not complete,
century. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 313, but the remaining portions were discovered by
note n. sub fin.) [J. C. M.] Petavius in Paris, who published them in Greek,
PACHY'MERES, GEORGIUS (rESpytors o together with the History of St. Gregoras, some
laxue-psj-'s), one of the most important of the fragments of Nicephorus Gregoras and others, Paris,
later Byzantine writers, was born in, or about 1616, 8vo. The complete editio princeps, howA. D. 1242 at Nicaea, whither his father, an inha- ever, is that of Petrus Possinus, Greek and Latin,
bitant of Constantinople, had fled after the capture Rome, 1666-69, 2 vols. fol. To each of the two
of Constantinople by the Latins, in 1204. Thence lives the editor wrote a very valuable commentary,
Pachymeres sometimes calls himself a Constan- the one like the other divided into three books,
tinopolitan. After receiving a careful and learned and in both cases the first contains a Glossarium,
education, he left Nicaea in 1261, and took up his the second Notes, and the third the Chronology of
abode in Constantinople, which had then just been the period. He added to it " Liber de Sapientia
retaken by Michael Palaeologus. Here Pachy- Indorum," being a Latin translation of an Arabic
meres became a priest. It appears that besides work on that subject which was known to, and is
divinity he also, according to the spirit of the referred to, by Pachymeres. Immanuel Bekker
time, studied the law, for in after years he was published a reprint of this edition, revised in
promoted to the important posts of IIrw-rCTeUos, or several places, but without the "Liber de Saopi
advocate general of the church (of Constan- entia," Bonn, 1835, 2 vols. 8vo., which belongs to
tinople), and ALtKactopAa~, or chief justice to the the Bonn Collection of the Byzantines.
imperial court, perhaps in ecclesiastical matters, 2. KaO' maur'v, a poetical autobiography of
which, however, were of high political importance Pachymeres which is lost, and the existence of
in the reigns of Michael Palaeologus and his suc- which is osnly known by the author giving twvo
cessor, Andronicus the elder. As early as 1267 fragments of it in his llistolry. Were this work
he accompanied, perhaps as secretary, three extant, we should know more of the life of so
imperial commissioners to the exiled patriarch important a man as Pachymleres.
Arsenius, in order to investigate his alleged par- 3. Epitome in universan fere A e ristotelis P/hiloticipation in an alleged conspiracy against the life sophiasm. A Latin version by Philip Bech, toof Michael Palaeologus. They succeeded in recon- gether with some writings of Synesius, Basel,
ciling these two chiefs of the state and the church. 1560, fol.; the Greek text, with a Latin version,
The emperor Michael having made preparatory Augsburg, 1600, fol., by J. Wagelin, who ascribes
steps towards effecting a union of the Greek and it to one Gregorius Aneponymus.
Latin churches, Pachymeres sided with the pa- 4. Lpi/onze Philosophiae Aristoteliae, a portion
triarch Joseph, who was against the union; and of No. 3, ed. i, Gr. et Lat. by Jacob. Foscarini,
when the emperor wrote in defence of the union Venice, 1532, under the title " De Sex DefilliPachymeres, together with Jasites Job, drew up tionibus Philosophiae," which Camerarius inserted
an answer in favour of the former state of sepa- in his edition of the Categories of Aristotle.
ration. It was Pachymeres who was the author 2. A Latin version by J. B. Rasarius, Paris,
of the deed of abdication of the patriarch Joannes 1547. 3. The Greek Text, ibid., 1548. 4. Gr.
Beccus. When the emperor Andronicus repealed et Lat. by Edward Barnard, Oxon., 1666.
the union, Pachymeres persuaded the patriarch 5. 7eEpl drTogwv,ypa ~cV, a Paraphrase of
Georgius Cyprius, who was for it, to abdicate. Aristotle's work on the same subject (on indiIt seems that Pachymeres also devoted some of visible lines). It was formerly attributed to
his time towards teaching, because one of his dis- Aristotle himself, and appeared as such in the
ciples was Manuel Phile, who wrote an iambic earlier editions of that philosopher. The first
poem on his death, which is given by Leo Allatius edition, with the, name of Pachymeres in the
quoted below. title, is that by Casaubon, who affixed it to his