A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

SOPHIANUS. SOPHOCLES. 865
maintained friendly relations. [SANDROCOTTUS] treatise in Greek by Sophianus, TroO ZoerpaeoO De
Schlegel supposes Sophagasenus to signify in San- Synctaxi, cod. ccccxcii. A Greek treatise by Nicoscrit "the leader of a fortunate army," and he gives laus Sophianus, De Praeparatione (s. Co.,frctione) et
Subhagcassnus as the Indian form of the name. Usu Astrolabii, extant in MS. in various Libraries
(Indische Bibliothek. vol. i. p. 248.) (Montfaucon, 1. c. pp. 632, 741, 1289, Biblioth. Reg.
SOPHANES (Ywqccvb's), an Athenian, of the Paris. Catal. Fol. 1740. Codd. mmcdxcix. and
demus of Deceleia. In tlie war between Athens mmdcclxxxii. A.), must be ascribed to a later
and Aegina, just before the Persian invasion of Sophianus who lived in the sixteenth century, as
B. C. 490, he slew in single combat Eurybates the appears by its dedication to Pope Paul III. The
Argive, before whose prowess three Athenians had similarity of the subject would lead us to ascribe
already fallen. At the battle of Plataea, in B. c. the map of Greece to this later Sophianus, were it
479, Sophanes distinguished himself by his valour not for the assertion of Vossius.
above all his countrymen. One account described 3. THEODORUS. Josias Simler in his Epitome
him as wearing during the engagement an iron Bibliothecae Gesnerianae (p. 784, ed. Frisii. Fol,
anchor, which he had fastened by a chain to the Zurich, 1583, comp. Vossius, De Scienliis Alrathlebelt of his cuirass, and fixed in the ground to maticis, c. lviii. ~ 19), speaks of the works of Theosteady himself against the charge of the enemy. dorus Sophianus, which he terms Astrozowmica et
According to another statement, he merely bore Musica. The subjects would lead to the suspicion
the device of an anchor on his shield, which he that he had in view the works of the later Nicokept perpetually whirling round. In B. c. 465, laus Sophianus, and gave him in mistake the name
Sophanes was joined with Leagrus in the command of Theodorus. There was, however, a Theodorus
of the 10,000 Athenians who unsuccessfully at. Sophianus in the last period of the Byzantine
tempted to colonize Amphipolis, and was slain in Empire: he was nephew of the patriarch Gennabattle by the natives. (Herod vi. 92, ix. 73-75; dins II. of Constantinople [GENNADIUS, No. 2],
Thuc. i. 100, iv. 102; Pans. i. 29.) [E. E.] as appears from the title of the funeral oration
SOPHIA, the widow of Justin II. [JvsTINUS which his uncle the patriarch pronounced for him,
II.-; TIBERIUS II.] A. D. 1457-'E7rtracpPos To AaKapip Oeocb3pep'rT
SOPHIA'NUS (nomptavds). 1. MICHAEL. There Zoqpav' V'Vr i epa somY Ba-ro7reslo U c'anpim)V, itv
is a Latin version by a Michael Sophianus of Aris- esrresy t vroyviov o Se7os aioTov revva'8tos lsovatotle's treatise De Anima, which was printed with os XS; Ev r TapilseP, oarwr K7, sqtE. Oratio fiunethe In Libros de Anima Aristotelis Expositio of St. bris beati Theodori Sophiani, in Sacro Monasterio
Thomas Aquinas, Fol. Venice (apud Juntas) 1565. Batopedii sepulti, quam extemnpore pro2unntiavit
Of the age of the translator nothing appears to be avuncnulhs ejus Gennadius neonacazus ad sepulknown unless we could identify him with the sub- cruml. 28 Seaptembris, anno 6965. (A. D. 1457.)
ject of one or other of the following articles, which (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. 382). It is perhaps
cannot be done without supposing that there is some to this Theodorus Sophianus that we may refer the
mistake as to his first name. If, as is likely, he is a Sophiani Epistola ad Archiepiscopsum P)hiladeldifferent person, we may conjecture that he was one phiensem in the King's Library at Paris. Cod.
of the many Greek refugees who sought refuge in mccclx. (Catalog. Biblioth. Reg. vol. ii. Fol. Paris
Italy on the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, 1740). (Vossius, 11. cc.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
or a Greek of Corfu, to which island we judge from xi. pp. 295, 714.) [J. C. M.]
the following article a branch of the Sopliiani be- SO'PHILUS (2dapiXos), a comic poet of the
longed. We may perhaps identify him with the middle comedy, was a native of Sicyon or of
Sophianus, a Greek, who translated into Latin, and Thebes, and composed the following dramas (Suid.
addressed to Lelio del Valle, a work De Re Militari s. v.): KeOap8a?~s, r'iapXos, Tvv',dpecos 7 A41ba,
et de Militaribus Instrumeentis, which is extant in A lqlAa,'E-yXeipi'ov (or XoeplMmov, but the other
the MS. in the Medicean library at Florence, or reading is more probably correct), and 7rapaKaeawith the author of a work In Topica Aristotelis, of OiKc, to which must be added, from Athenaeus,
Epistolae in Laudema ipsius, and of Epigramma ta VUnvrpEXoV'ss, and'AvpotcAs. Diogenes Laertius
Sacra, all in the Ambrosian Library at Milan. (ii. 120) refers to a play of Sophilus, entitled
(Montfaucon, Biblioth. Bibliothecar. vol. i. pp. 331, ra'/oo, in which Stilpo was attacked; but the
502.) reading of the passage is very doubtful, and Mei2. NICOLAUS. Raphael Volaterranus (Connnen- neke has shown reasons for supposing that the play
tar. Urban. Lib. xxi.) mentions among the emi- referred to is the rctdi os of Diphilus or of Philenent persons of a then recent period, Sophianus, mon. Meineke also remarks that Z:plAthos must
a Greek, who had taught Greek at Rome, but had not be confounded with 14qpiAos or:'t;mAAos, which
not much cultivated an acquaintance with Latin. was a different name: the father of the poet
This notice would rather lead us to identify him Sophocles was named'pthAos. There are very
with the Michael Sophianusjust mentioned. [No. few fragments of Sophilus remaining. The time at
1.] But Vossius (De Natuira Artium, lib. ii. seu which he flourished is supposed by Meinleke to
De Philologia, c. xi. ~ 21; Lib. iii. seun De lltlesi have been about 01. 108, B. C. 348. (Meineke,
seu De Scientiis Mathematicis, c. lxviii. ~ 14) Frag. Corn. Graec. vol. i. pp. 424-426, vol. iii.
identifies him with Nicolaus Sophianus, a Greek pp. 581-584; Ed. Min., p. 794, &c.) [P. S.]
of Corfu, who drew a map of ancient Greece, which SO'PHOCLES (2opcoKXiiS). 1. The celebrated
was published, and had its value at the time, tragic poet.
though partaking considerably of the imperfection The ancient authorities for the life of Sophocles
of the geographical science of that day. Mont- are very scanty. Duris of Samos wrote a work
faucon (1. c. p. 187) mentions among the MSS. of rlep! Emvpri6on Kaol 1onoKAXEovs (Ath. iv. p. 184,
the Library of Card. Ottoboni at Rome Nicolai d.); Ister, Aristoxenus, Neanthes, Satyrus, and
Sophiani Gramnmatica, apparently a Greek grammar, others are quoted as authorities for his life; lid it
and in the Library of St. Mark at Venice there is a cannot be doubted that, amidst the vast mass oi
VOL. IIl. 3 K