A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

864 SOPATER. SOPHAGASE N US.
the generals elected by the Syracusans on the mur- 3. The younger sophist, of Apamea, or of Alex.
der of Hieronymus in B. c. 215 (Liv. xxiv. 23, 25). andria, is supposed to have lived about two hundred
2. A general of Philip V., king of Macedonia, years later than the former. Suidas tells us that
crossed over to Africa in B. C. 203, with a body of he wrote epitomes of numerous works, and that
4000 troops and some money, in order to assist the some ascribed to him the Historical iExtracts
Carthaginians. He was taken prisoner by the (eKoy7'VY rsY'iC-opWCr), which, we may therefore
Romans, together with many of his soldiers, and infer, others attributed to the elder Sopater. PhoPhilip sent an embassy to Rome to solicit their tius (Bibl. Cod. 161) has preservedan abstract of
release. (Liv. xxx. 26, 42.) this EKcAo7Y, or, as he calls it, eKhoyal Ldqsopoi,
3. An Acarnanian, the commander of Philip's from which it appears that the work contained a
garrison at Chalcis, was slain with most of his vast variety of facts and figments, collected from
troops in B. C. 200. (Liv. xxxi. 23.) a great number of authors. A list of the writers
4. One of the generals of Perseus, slain in battle quoted by Sopater is given by Fabricius (Bibl.
with the Romans in B. C. 171. (Liv. xlii. 66.) Graec. vol. x. pp. 720-722; comp. vol. ii. p. 321,
5. Two Sicilians of this name are mentioned vol. iii. p. 51, vol. iv. p. 250, and Vossius, de Hist,
by Cicero in his orations against Verres. (Cic. Graec. p. 294, ed. Westersoann).
Verr. ii. 28, iv. 39.) The rhetorical and grammatical works under
SO'PATER (:ccrarp.os), literary. 1. Of Paphos, the name of Sopater are the following:-&alpe'ers
a writer of parody and burlesque (pAuascoypcq)Oos), 7vlru 7'cWv, a classification and analysis of rhewho lived in the time of Alexander the Great, and torical themes, printed in the Aldine collection,
continued to flourish down to the reign of Ptolemy Venet. 1508, folio; a commentary on the part
II., as Athenaeus (ii. 71, b.) informs us, on the 7repl o-dsa~ecr of the rEXVYs PIToplKl of Hernnoauthority of the poet himself: his period mnay genes, printed in the same collection; and Proletherefore be regarded as the forty years from B. C. gomena to Aristeides, printed from a MS. in
323 to 283 (Clinton, F. HI. vol. ii. s. a. 283). He the Bodleian Library in vol. i. of Jebb's edition
is frequently mentioned by Athenaeus, who occa- of Aristeides. All the remains of his rhetorical
sionally calls hinm,dacKos, which seems to be a nick- works are contained in vols. iv., v., and viii. of
name, derived from the word sPaKci (lentile-porridge, Walz's IRhetores Graeci. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
which appears to have been the title of one of So- vi. pp. 18, 73, 102, 138; Westermaln, ad Voss.
vater's plays), and applied to him as a punning. c..) [P. S.]
variation upon IlapdLos. The following titles of his SOPHAE'NETUS (2ooaieTros), a native of
plays are preserved by Athenaeus and Suidas (s.v.; Stymphalus in Arcadia, was a commander of merSuidas has made the mistake of distinguishing two cenaries in the service of Cyrus the Younger,
Sopaters, the one a comedian and the other a whom he joined in his expedition against Artaparodist): -- BacXis, BacKXI8os?y/os, BaKXi8os xerxes, ill B. C. 401, with 1000 heavy-armed men.
urvo-'r'pes, raAdrat, EvgouoloeoXegpoTros,'I7rSro'Au- In the following year, after the treacherous appreros, KvfaS, Ms'a-raL, MvuarTdKov OTL'ori, Nevica, hension of Clearchus and the other principal
OpEdo-r-s, Flh'Aat,:hLAat, aK aI, UvaL'Akoyos. (Fabric. generals of the Cyreans, Sophaenetus and Cleanlor
vol. ii. p. 492; Ulrici, Gesch. d. IHellen. Dic/ltk. were deputed to meet Ariaeus, and receive his
vol. ii. p. 325.) explanation of the transaction. When the main
2. Of Apamea, a distinguished sophist, the head body of the Greeks, after their arrival on the
for some time of the school of Plotinus, wvas a dis- frontier of the western Armenia, marched to disciple of Iamblichus, after whose death (before A. D. lodge Teribazus from the defile where he meant to
330), he went to Constantinople, where he enjoyed intercept them, Sophaenetus remained behind in
the favour and personal friendship of Constantine, commanmd of the troops that were left to guard the
who afterwards, however, put him to death, from camp. At Trapezus, Philesius and Sophaenetus,
the motive, as was alleged, of giving a proof of the being the oldest of the generals, were placed in
sincerity of his own conversion to Christianity command of the ships which were to sail to
(Sozom. I.E. i. 5; comp. the note of Valesius; Cerasus with the men above forty, and the women
Suid. s. v.). Eunapius, who gives a fuller account and children, while the rest of the army proceeded
of the matter (Vit. Aedes. pp. 36, 37, 41), and thither by land. Some deficiency being afterwards
Zosimus (ii. 40) ascribe his death to the machinna- detected in the cargoes of these ships, an investions of Ablabius; and, according to the former tigation took place at Cotyora, and Philesius,
writer, the pretext for his condemnation was the Xanlthicles, anld Sopllaenetus were fined, —the
charge that he detained by magical arts a fleet two former for peculation or carelessness in the
laden with corn, of which Constantinople was in custody of the goods, and the third for his
the utmost wamnt. The time of his death must negligent supervision of them. We find Sophaehave been between A. D. 330 and 337. (Clinton, netus mentioned again, ill the account of tilhe
Fast. Rom. s. a. 312, 326, 330.) The only works engagement of the Cyrleans with the Bithysnians
ascribed to him by Suidas are, one On Prudence and the troops of Pharnabazus, as giving his
(rIepl rfpoolas), and another On Persons who are opinion against the attelmpt to cross a deep glen
undeservedly Forunal'e or Ussbrtunate (GrefI cv which lay oal the line of march. (Xen. Anab. i. 1.
7rapc T7y gci~Lav esvrpayov-urwv 7 ao'rpao -yovrTwv). ~, 11, 2. ~~ 3, 9, ii. 5. ~ 37, iv. 4. ~ 19, v. 3.
There are, however, several other writings, gram- ~ 1, 8. ~ 1, vi. 5. ~ 13.) [E. E.]
matical, and of miscellaneous information, under SOPHAGASE'NUS (Yopayaa,7os), a king of
thenameof Sopater, but the best critics ascribe India, with whom Antiochus the Great is said to
these to a younger Sopater, of Apamslea or Alex- have renewed an alliance, and fiom whom he obandria, whom Suidas distinguishes, and, as they tained some elephants, when he crossed the Indian
suppose, rightly so, front the philosopher of the Caucasus. (Polvb. xi. 34.) This Sophagasenus
time of Constantine. Whether this view is correct probably ruled over the same people as the Inldian
can hardly be determined with certainty. king Sandrocottus, with whom Seleucus Nicator