A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

SIMON. SIMON. 829
Socraticorumn Epistolae is written il thle name of 13. Of MAGNESIA. [SIMUS.]
Simon, and professes to be addressed to Aristip- 14. MAGUS. In the various accounts of this repus, [Upwv ApaJ-T7r7rqr%, Simon Aristippo. [ARIs- markable man, who hasbeen very commonly regarded
TIPPUS.] The concluding passage of it is cited as the earliest of the heretics that troubled theChrisby Stobaeus, in his'AvrOoXoyov, Florileyium2, xvii. tian church, fable is so largely intermingled, that it
IIEpl E'yKpatreia', De Continentia, ~ 11. A trans- is difficult to tell what truth there is in any thing relation of this letter is given in Stanley's Hist. of ported of him, beyond the brief notice in the New
Philosophy, part iii. p. 119, ed. 1655-1660, p. Testament (Acts, viii. 9-13, 18-24). Accord125, ed. 1743. (Allatius, De Simeonum Scriptis, ing to Justin Martyr (Apolog. Prima, c. 26, p. 190,
p. 197; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 693, vol. ii. ed. Hefele), the next authority in point of time,
p. 719, ed. Harles.) and, from his being also a Samaritan by birth, pro.
4. CANANITES, CANANAEUS, or ZELOTES (Ka. bably the next also in point of trustworthiness,
vav'i-rls, Kavavaos, s. ZO/XoCl-rs), one of the twelve Simon was a Samaritan, born in the village of
Apostles. There are extant in MSS. under his Gitti or Gitthi; rI'iTTc or rtT-3V in the Genitive,
name certain Kado'es sKKacXloaor'Koi, Canones as Justin and Eusebius (IT. E. ii. 13) write it,
Ecclesiastici. (Lambec. Comment. de Biblioth. Cae- rFT0rYv, as Theodoret (Haeret. EFabul. Compend. i.
saraea, vol. viii. p. 906, ed. Kollar; Bandini, Ca- 1) writes it. If, as some think, he is the Simon
talog. Codd. MlStorum nMedic. Laurent. vol. i. pp. mentioned by Josephus (Ant. Jud. xx. 7. ~ 2),
396, 468.) he was, according to that writer, a Jew by religion
5. CONSTANTINOPOLTTANUS. [No. 22.] and a Cyprian by birth. The discrepancy between
6. CORIARIvs. [No. 3.] this statement and that already cited it has been
7. CRETENSIS. [No. 22.] proposed to reconcile, by the supposition that Jus8. GYRACII EPIscoPus. [No. 22.] tin's statement originated in the substitution or
9. HIEROMoONACHUS. [No. 22.] mistake of rs-rev's for KLTTLVSES, and consequently
10. HIPPIATRICUS s. DE ARTE VETERINARIA that Simon was really a native of Cittium in
SCRIPTOR. Several ancient authors refer to or Cyprus. But we are disposed to prefer the statequote from Simon, a writer on horses, and, in most ment of Justin as it now stands, and to think that
cases, in terms which show that his thorough ac- either Josephus was mistaken, or, which is more
quaintance with the subject had rendered him quite likely, that the Simon mentioned by him was a
an authority on such matters. He is first men- different person altogether. According to the actioned by Xenophon (De Re Equestri, c. i. 1, 3, count in the Recognitiones and the Clementina of
c. xi. 6), according to whom he dedicated the brazen the pseudo Clemens [CLEMENS ROMANUS], which
statue of a horse, in the Eleusinium at Athens; account is professedly given by Aquila, who had
and had engraved his own works (rd eav'rog e'pya) been a friend and disciple of Simon, the latter was
on the base. This statue is also noticed by Hierocles, the son of Antonius and Rachel, and was a native
the veterinarian [HIEROCLES], whose description of the "vicus Gythorum," in the district of Samaria.
of the sculpture on the base does not agree with He is described as well versed in Greek literature
that of Xenophon (Artis Feterinariae Libri duo, ed. and in magic; and as being vainglorious and boastBasil. 1537, p. 3). It is probable that Simon was ful to an extraordinary degree. According to the
an Athenian, from the place in which his offering same very dubious authorities, he had professed
was deposited; and by Suidas, who has quoted himself a follower of Dositheus, an heretical teacher
Simon (s. v. Tpi~AAk), he is expressly called an who first promulgated his doctrines about the time
Athenian. According to Suidas (1I. c.) Simon wrote, of John the Baptist's death, and who was accom-'1_7rr6oaTrpLco', De A ne Veterinaria; and if, which panied by a female, whom he designated Luna,
is probable, he is also mentioned by Suidas in two "the Moon," and by a chosen band of disciples,
other places (s. vv. "AFvpros and Kiswov), where, whose number, thirty, corresponded to the number
however, the present reading is Kisoowv (Cimon), he of days in a lunar month. Into this chosen number,
also wrote'I7rrootoK07rWKd, De Equorum Inspectione. on a vacancy occurring, Simon obtained admission.
It may be doubted whether these were distinct According to the Clementina Simon had studied at
works, or merely chapters or divisions of a more Alexandria, and both he and Dositheus had been
general treatise, lIsp1 lrsracis, the title by which disciples of John the Baptist. In the same work
the works of Simon are cited by Xenophon. Ac- we find also many fabulous tales about Simon;
cording to Suidas, in one of the above places (s. v. but it is likely that the representation, which we
K4/xov), he was banished from Athens, by ostra- find in this work, that Simon was first the disciple
cism, on account of his having committed incest. and afterwards the successor of Dositheus, as the
Of the age of Simon we can only form an approxi- leader of a sect, is founded on truth (comp. Origen,
mate estimate. He was not earlier than the painter In Mattzaeum Com2mentar. c. 33. s. ut alii, tract.
Micon, who lived about. c. 460 [MIcoN, artists, xxvii., Contra Celsuam, lib. i. c. 57, lib. vi. c. 11,
1], for he criticised the works of that artist (Pol- Periarchon, s. De Principiis, lib. iv. c. 17, ed. Delalux, Ononmasticon, lib. ii. ~ 69); and lie wrote, as rue; Euseb. II. E. iv. 22). In the Constiluliones
we have seen, earlier than Xenophon, but how Apostolicae (lib. vi. c. 8) Simon is represented as a
much earlier we have no means of knowing, except disciple of Dositheus, and as having, with the aid
that his treatise had already acquired a good repu- of a fellow-disciple, Cleobius, deprived him of his
tation. leadership.
I 1. I.CUMAEUS or IATUMAEUS. [No. 22.] These notices furnish nearly all that is reported of
12. MACCABAEUS. Of this eminent Jew an Simon previous to the time at which the deacon
account is given elsewhere [MAccABAEI, No. 3]. Philip met him at a Samaritan city, of which
He is introduced here merely on account of an un- the name is not given, and those* transactions
founded opinion of Michael de Medina, that he occurred which are noticed in the New Testawas the writer of the second book of the Maccabees. ment (1. c.), and which need not be repeated here.
(Allat. De Simeonurn Script. p. 200.) The latter part of Simon's career appears to have