A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

828 SIMMIAS. SIMON.
disciple of the Pythagorean philosopher Philolalis, poem resemble the form of some object; those of
and afterwards the friend and disciple of Socrates, Simmias are entitled, from their forms, the Wi7nqs
at whose death he was present, having come from (7rrT'pvyEs), the Egg (cod'), and the Hatchet ( 7reThebes, with his brother Cebes, bringing with him AsEVus). There are several other poems of the same
a large sum of money, to assist in Criton's plan species in the Anthology, such as the Pan-pipes
for the liberation of Socrates (Plat. Crit. p. 4.5, b., (ov'pLy?) of Theocritus, the Altar of Dosiadas, and
Plaed. pp. 59, c., 92, a., et passim; comp. Ael. the Egg and Hatchet of Besantinus. (Brunck,
V. H. i. 16). At this time he and Cebes were Anal. vol. i. pp. 205-210; Jacobs, Anth. Graec.
both young men (Phaed. p. 89, a.). The two vol. i. pp. 139-143, vol. xiii. pp. 951, 952; Anth.
brothers are the principal speakers, besides So- Pal. xv. 21-27, vol. ii. pp. 603-609, ed. Jacobs;
crates himself, in the Phaedon; and the skill with Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 808, vol. iv. pp.
which they argue, and the respect and affection 494, 495.) [P. S.]
with which Socrates treats them, prove the high SI'MMIAS, artist. [SIMON.]
place they held among his disciples, not only in SIMO'IS (ZljFo'et), the god of the river
the judgment of Plato,.but in the general opinion. Simois, which flows from mount Ida, and in the
In the Pliaedrus (p. 242, a., b.) also, Socrates is plain of Troy joins the Xanthus or Scamander
made to refer to Simmias as one of the most (Hom. n. v. 774, xii. 22; Virg. Aen. v. 261).
powerful reasoners of his day. He is described as a son of Oceanus and Tethys
According to Plutarch, who introduces Simmias (Hes. Tlheog. 342), and as the father of Astyoche
as a speaker in his dialogue de Genio Socratis (p. and Hieromneme. (Apollod. iii. 12. ~ 2.) [L. S.]
578, a., &c.), he studied much in Egypt, and be- SIMON (:iwAv), a Thracian prince, was concame conversant with the mystical religious philo- nected by marriage with Amadocus, who appears
sophy of that country. to have been a son of Cotys [No. 2], and brother
There is a very brief account of him in Diogenes to Cersobleptes and Berisades. On the death of
Laertius (ii. 124), who states that there was a the latter, when Cersobleptes wished, with the
collection of twenty-three dialogues by him, in aid of Charidemus, to seize all the dominions of
one volume. The titles of these dialogues are Cotys, and to exclude Amadocus and the children
also given, xith a slight variation, by Suidas (s. v.); of Berisades from their inheritance, Simon was
they embrace a large range of philosophical sub- prepared to assist Amadocus against the intended
jects, but are chiefly ethical. usurpation; and, according to Demosthenes, the
Two epitaphs on Sophocles, in the Greek An- remarkable decree of Aristocrates in favour of
thologv, are ascribed to Simmias of Thebes in the Charidemus (B. c. 352) was framed with the view
Palatine Codex (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 1 68;Jacobs, of disarming this opposition, especially as Simon
Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 100, Anth. Pal. vii. 21, 22, vol. had been honoured with the Athenian franchise.
i. p. 312). There is also an epitaph on Aristocles, (Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 624, 625, 680, 683.) [CERamong the epigrams of Simmias of Rhodes, which SOBLEPTES; CHARIDEMUS.] [E. E.]
Brunck would refer to Simmias of Thebes; proba- SIMON (-:2L'gv), literary and ecclesiastical. 1.
bilis conjectura, says Jacobs. (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. APOLLONIDES. By a misunderstanding of a pasp. 204, No. 2; Jacobs, Aninadv. vol. i. pt. ii. p. 4.) sage in Diogenes Lahrtius (ix. 109), founded on
2. Of Syracuse, is mentioned by Diogenes La&'r- an erroneous reading of the text, that author has
tius (ii. 113, 114) as a hearer, first of Aristotle the been supposed to cite a Simon Apollonides of NiCyrenaean, and afterwards of Stilpon, the Megaric caea when his citation is from Apollonides of Niphilosopher. but nothing further is known of him. caea [APOLLONIDsES, No. 5]. The name Simon
3. Of Rhodes, a poet and grammarian of the is in other and more correct MSS. Timon (TiuCov),
Alexandrian school, which flourished under the and is not a part of the text, but the title of
early Ptolemies. He was earlier than the tragic the section the subject of which is Timon of Phlius
poet Philiscus, whose time is about 01. 120, B. c. [TIMON]. (Allatius, De Simeon. Scriptis, p. 203.)
300, at least if we accept the assertion of He- 2. Of ATHENS. [No. 10.]
phaestion (p. 31), that the choriamnbic hexameter, 3. Of ATHENS, one of the disciples of Socrates,
of which Philiscus claimed the invention, had been and by trade a leather-cutter (VTcuroTJoAS), which
previously used by Simmias. Suidas (s. v.) tells is usually Latinised CORIARIvS. Socrates was acus, that he wrote three books of yAc;oaalt, and four customed to visit his shop, and converse with him
books of miscellaneous poems (7ron1'ara 8idpqopa: on various subjects. These conversations Simon
the latter part of the article in Suidas is obviously afterwards committed to writing, as far as he could
misplaced, and belongs to the life of Simonides of rememnber them; and he is said to have been the
Amorgus). Of his grammatical works nothing first who recorded, in the form of conversations,
more is known; but his poems are frequently re- the words of Socrates. His philosophical turn
ferred to, and some of them seem to have been attracted the notice of Pericles, who offered to
epic. His rop'yeS is quoted by Athenaeus (xi. p. provide for his maintenance, if he would come and
491); his MivYer and'AirSXdwAY by Stephanus Bv- reside with him; but Simon refused, on the ground
zantinus (s. vv.'AguvKcai,'HLKmiv'eS); and a frag- that he did not wish to surrender his independence.
ment of thirteen lines from the latter poem is pre- The favourable notice of such a man as Pericles
served by Tzetzes (Chil. vii. 144), and has been may be considered as overbalancinfg the unfavourable
edited by Brunck (Anal. vol. ii. p. 525, comp. or sneering judgment of those who characterised
Lect. vol. iii. p. 235). his Dialogues as " leathern." He reported thirtyAs an epigrammatist, Simmias had a place in the three conversations, AtaAxoyot, Dialoyi, which were
Garland of Meleager, and the Greek Anthology contained in one volume. Diogenes Lai'rtius (ii.
contains six epigrams ascribed to him, besides 122, 123), from whom we derive our knowledge
three short poems of that fantastic species called of Simon, enumerates the subjects, the variety of
griphi or carmina figurata, that is, pieces in which which shows the activity and versatility of Simon's
the lines are so arranged as to make the whole mind. The twelfth of the so-called Socrotis et