A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

800 SEVERUS. SEVERUS.
Tunnunensis, CMhronicon; Theophanes, C'hronog. pp. extract from a work of Severus is given under the
130-142. ed. Paris, pp. 104-113, ed. Venice, title of'A7rJKpLaLS, Responsum, to the question,
pp. 233-255, ed. Bonn; Evagrins, H. E. II. cc.; FIcns G',7rE'oV T77j TOe Kvp'ov -prjLepoY -PcTa(pV Kal
Concilia, 11. cc.; Liberatus, Breviariumn Caussae dvc'aoerv; Quomodo sit intelligenda triduana.Nestorianorum et Eutychianorum, c. 19; Nicepho- Donzini sepultura et resurrectio. was given in
rus Callisti, H. E. lib. xvi. 29-32, 34, 45, xvii. the Quaestiones (Qu. lii) of Anastasius Sinaita:2, 8, 9, xviii. 45, 49, 50; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. [ANASTASIUS SINAITA, No. 3]; and was pub513, vol. i. p. 499; Tillemont MlImnoires, xvi. pp. lished by Gretser in his edition of that work.
682, &c. 709, &c.; Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, Fabridius has inaccurately confounded this extract
vol. ii. col. 730; Abulpharagius, Hist. Dynastia- with the fragment published by Montfaucon.
ruin., pp. 93, 94 of Pococke's Latin Version, 4to. 2. Severus wrote a vast number of A&oyo, Sermones.
Oxon, 1663; L'Art de verifier les Dates, 8vo. AJyor pa', Sernzo CLX., is cited in a MS. Catena
Paris, 1818, vol. iv. p. 16, &c.) in Prophetas Afajores et Minores, in the King's
That Severus was a man of indomitable courage Library at Paris (Montfaucon, 1. c. p. 53), and
and perseverance is obvious from his history. He there may have been many more than that number.
was, in fact, the leader of the Monophysite party, Many of these Sernzones are extant in MS. in a
and may be regarded as the principal author of the Syriac version, by Jacobus of Edessa [JAcosus,
great Jacobite schism. His career was consistent, No. 8] and others (Assemani, Biblioth. Oriental.
and, to all appearance, guided by integrity: and if vol. i. p. 494). Qf the AJOyoL of Severus some
he largely partook of the bitter and uncharitable were designated'EvepoeaerTLKOL', Inaugurales; and
temper which the religious struggles of his day a fragment of one of these was published by
had generated, the general prevalence of his fault Le Quien, in his edition of the works of Joannes
may be pleaded as extenuating the guilt of the Damascenus (vol. i. p. 504), by whom it was citedt
individual. To which it must be added, that we in the Appendix to his Letter or Tract lIepl Tc7,
know him almost entirely from the representations c [owv Vr7'rescsY, De Sanctis Jejuniis [DAMASCENUS,
of his opponents. His life was written by a con- JOANNEs]. Another citation from a discourse of
temporary; but the work is lost, and is known to Severus, entitled -Ionzilia de Fpithronio, appears in
us only in the citations and references of Evagrius the Latin version by Masius of the Paradiszs of
(Hl. E. iii. 33), and Liberatus (Breriar. c. 19). Moyses Bar Cepha (Assemani, Biblioth. Orient.'vol.
A life of Severus in Syriac was noticed by Asse- ii. p. 129), published first at Antwerp, A. D. 1569,
mani among the MSS. of the Syriac convent of and reprinted in various editions of the Bibliotheca
St. Mary, at Scete in the desert of Nitria, in Patru:n (vol. vi. ed. Paris, 1575, vol. i. ed. Paris,
Egypt, but it is not certain if it was the life of 1589 and 1654, vol. x. ed. Cologne, 1618, and
Severus of Antioch. (Assemani, Bibl. Orient. vol. vol. xvii. ed. Lyons, 1677). Thle polemical works
iii. part 1, p. 19). Some statements of very of Severus, as might be expected from his chadoubtfill credit, made by the Nestorians respecting racter and position, were numerous. Citations are
him, are given by Assemani (ibid. p. 384, &c.). extant in MS. from his writings. 3. KaTa' 70o1
Of the numerous works of Severus only frag- rpaaTLrtKoo6, Contra Gramnmalticunm, or Kcrd
ments remain. There are citations from him in'Iwdvvov ToO -ypa/L[aTIKoC -To 0 Katerapfss, Contra
various Catenae in Genesin, in Jobumn, in Esaiam, Joannem Caesareensem Graminaticnm, in three
in Matthaeum, in Lucam, in Joannern, in Acta books at least, written while in exile at Alexandria,
Apostolorucn et Catholicas Epistolas (Fabric. Bibl. after his deposition (Anast. Sinait. Hodegus, s. Vioe
Graec. vol. viii. pp. 646, 664, 676, 679, 684, 695, Dux, c. 6.). 4. Kard IhAKcrae,uoov, Contra Fe696, vol.x. p. 616); and on the ground, apparently, licissimunz, in four books at least. 5. rlpos'Iovof these citations, Fabricius (vol. x. p. 616) ascribes Actavo''AAhcapvao'la, Contra Julianurn HIalicarto him, 1. Commentarii on these various books of nassensem, in several books, or more probably
Scripture, though the extracts may be from his several successive works; from this work a short
Sermones, or some of his other works. A Com- passage is quoted by Photius (Bibl. Cod. 225).
mentary on the Psalms is indeed mentioned by 6. Kard'AXAeSvbpov, Contra Alexandrum; or
Gregorius Bar Hebraeus or Abulpharagius (Cave, Kara' ccoKtEhAWo,'AXsSCYBpou, Contra Codicil!os
Hist. Litt. p. 501), and a work, probably a Com- Alexandri, in several books. 7. Karc- rs BLamentary, on St. Luke's Gospel, is cited in a 0r-lqs Aa.e'rETovu, Contra Testan2entum Lamnpetii,
Coislin MS. (Montfauc. Bibl. Coislin. p. 54). i. e. the work of Lampetius the Massalian, enMontfaucon published (Biblioth. Coislin. p. 68), titled AlauaOnv, which, as well as the reply of
under the name of Severus, and under the impres- Severus, is noticed by Photius (Biblioth. Cod. 52).
sion that it had never before been printed, a Severus wrote this work before his elevation to the
fragment, which he entitled Severi Archiepiscopi Patriarchate. Severus wrotealsotwo works against
Antiocleni Concordantia Ecvangelistarumn circa ea the Council of Chalcedon: one, 8. Tad InhaA?107,
quae in Sepulcro Domini contiqerunt: item de Sab- or rather'O T-XaXrXIjOv, Philalethes s. Asnator Veri
batis et de Varietate Exemplarium S. _Marci Evan- (comp. Anastas. Sinait. I. c.); the other, 9, in
gelistae: but the fragment has been identified with defence of the former, under the title of'A-oAo-yia
a piece previously published among the works of -ov'I'uahA-oUvs, Philalellhoae Apologia. Perhaps
Gregory of Nyssa, ed. Paris, A.D. 1615 and 1638 the 4nhaX'Osrls is only another title for No. 3.
[GREGORius NYSSENUS], to whom, however, it 10. Fabricius mentions a work of Severus in
does not belong; and A. D. 1648, again in the eight books, if not more, lepl T'l,'U o bpvacrwv,
Auctarium Novum of Combefis, by whom it was De duabus Naturis, but does not cite his authority.
more correctly ascribed to Hesychius of Jerusalem Of the other works of Severus the principal were,
[HIESYCHIus, No. 7]. How the piece came to be 11. his'E7rur-'oXnai, Epistolae, of which Montascribed to Severus is discussed by Galland in the faucon enumerates nearly sixty, without including
Prolegomena (c. 3) to vol. xi. of his Bibliotheca those to the Emperor Justinian and the Empress
Patrnm, in which the piece is reprinted. An Theodora, and to the patriarch Theodosius of