A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

758 SzCROFA. SCYLAX.
After the Perusinian war, B. C. 40, Octavian feared name, and a body of 16,000 men. When attacked
that Sex. Pompey would form an alliance with by the enemy, he said that he would scatter them
Antony to crush him; and, accordingly, on the straightway like a sow does her pigs (" dixit ceadvice of Maecenas, he married Scribonia, in order leriter se illos, ut scrofa porcos, disjecturum"); and
to gain the favour of Pompey, and of his father- from this saying he obtained the cognomen of Scrofa,
in-law Libo. Scribonia was much older than which became hereditary in his family. His
Octavian, and he never had any affection for her; grandson told Varro that this was the origin of
and, accordingly, he did not hesitate to divorce their family name; but Maerobius relates another
her in the following year, B.C. 39, on the very day tale respecting its introduction. (Liv. Epit. 53;
in which she had borne him a daughter, Julia, in Eutrop. iv. 15; Varr. R.R. ii. 4; Macrob. Sat.
order to marry Livia, more especially as he was i. 6.)
now on good terms with Antony, and hoped to 2. (TREMELLIUS) SCROFA, was quaestor of
drive Pompey out of Sicily. Octavian said that Crassus in the war against Spartacus, B. C. 71,
he divorced her on account of her loose morals; and was wounded while pursuing the latter. (Plut.
but Antony maintained that it was because she Crass. 11.)
had taken offence at her husband's intercourse with 3. CN. TREMELLIUS SCROFA, the grandson of
Livia: the real reason, however, was undoubtedly No. 1, was a friend of M. Varro, and a writer on
his love of Livia. Scribonia long survived her agriculture. He is probably the same as the
separation from Octavian, for in A. D. 2 she ac- Cn. Tremellius, who was one of the judices at the
companied, of her own accord, her daughter Julia trial of Verres in B.. 70, and had been appointed
into exile, to the island of Pandateria. (Suet. Aug. military tribune for the following year (Cic. Verr.
62, 69; Appian, B. C. v. 53; Dion Cass. xlviii. Act. i. 10). Scrofa was one of the twenty com34, lv. 10; Vell. Pat. ii. 100; Tac. Ann. ii. 27.) missioners for dividing the Campanian land under
2. The mother of Piso Licinianus, who was the agrarian law of Julius Caesar, B. C. 59, and he
adopted by the emperor Galba (Tac. Hist. i. 14). must afterwards have served under Julius Caesar
[PIso, No. 31.] in Gaul, as he is said to have commanded an army
SCRIBO'NIA GENS, plebeian, is first men- near the Rhine. He is introduced as one of the
tioned at the time of the second Punic war, but speakers in Varro's treatise De Re Rustica, where
the first member of it who obtained the consulship his knowledge of agriculture is praised in the
was C. Scribonius Curio in 3. c. 76. The principal highest terms. He there speaks of himself as
families in the gens are those of CURmo and LIBo; praetorius, but in what year he was praetor is
and besides these we meet with one or two other unknown (Varr. R. R. i. 2. ~ 10, i. 7. ~ 8, ii. 4;
surnames in the imperial period, which are given Plin. H. N. xvii. 21. s. 35. ~ 22). He is menbelow. On coins Libo is the only cognomen which tioned in Cicero's correspondence as one of the
is found. friends of Atticus. (Cic. ad Att. v. 4. ~ 2, vi. 1.
SCRIBONIA/NUS, CAMERI/NUS. [CA- ~ 13, vii. 1. ~ 8.)
MERINUS.] 4. (TREMELLIUS) SCROFA, the son apparently
SCRIBONIA'NUS, FU.'RIUS CAMILLUS. of the preceding, spoken of by Cicero in B. c. 45.
[CAMILLUS, No. 7.] (Cic. ad Att. xiii. 21. ~ 7.)
SCRIBONIA'NUS, LICI'NIUS CRASSUS, SCUTARIOTA, THEODO'RUS. [THn-Othe son of M. Licinius Crassus and of Scribonia, DORUS.]
the granddaughter of Sex. Pompey, and a brother SCYLAX (:KmcAac). 1. Of Caryanda in Caria,
of Piso Licinianus, who was adopted by the was sent by Dareius Hystaspis on a voyage of disemperor Galba. [Piso, No. 31.] Scribonianlus covery down the Indus. Setting out from the
was offered the empire by Antonius Primus, but city of Caspatyrus and the Pactyican district, Scylax
refused to accept it. (Tac. Hist. i. 47, iv. 39.) and his companions sailed down the river to the
SCRIBOINIUS, a person who pretended to east and the rising of the sun, till they reached the
be a descendant of Mithridates, usurped the sea; from whence they sailed westward through
kingdom of Bosporus on the death of Asander, the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea, performing the
about B. C. 16. According to Lucian the troops whole voyage in thirty months. (Herod. iv. 44.)
of Asander deserted to Scribonius in the life-time 2. Of Halicarnassus, a friend of Panaetius, disof the former, who thereupon put an end to his tinguished for his knowledge of the stars, and for
life by voluntary starvation. But Scribonius had his political influence in his own state. (Cic. de
scarcely mounted the throne before the Bosporans Div. ii. 42.)
discovered the deception that had been practised Suidas (s. v.), in his usual blundering manner,
uponI them, and accordingly put the usurper to makes these two persons into one, and ascribes
death. The kingdom was thereupon given to to Scylax the following works:- Ilepi7rXouv T3,V
Polemon [POLEslON I.] (Dion Cass. liv. 24; eKTOs WY'HpacAehous r-?7Cyv-Ta'CKai Ta'r is'Hpa-u
Lucian, Macrob. 17.) Kei3L'lrv ri'V MvAac(rawo- 8aohAia-y -ys 7repLloov -
SCRlIBO'NIUS APHRODI'SIUS. [APHRO- dvsrypaq)ivY 7rpos s)'v rIoxuVgou io'G-opita,.
DISIUS.] We have still extant a brief description of certain
SCRIBO'NIUS LARGUS. [Larmus.] countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa, which bears
SCRIBO'NIUS PROCULUS and RUFUS. the name of Scvlax of Caryanda, and is entitled,
[PRocULUs.] n Iep irAous ] p s aaXaorieo-s oiKOu/4s''ols EdOpcrJ',s Kai
SC tOFA, literally "a sow that has had pigs,"'Ar'ias Kal Alt6v'rs. This little work was supposed
was the name of a family of the Tremellia gens. by Lucas Holstenius, Fabricius, Sainte-Croix, and
1. L. TREMELLIUS SCROFA, quaestor of A. Li- others, to have been written by the Scylax mentioned
cinius Nerva, who governed Macedonia as pro- by Herodotus. Other writers, on the contrary, such
praetor in B. C. 142. During the absence of as G. I. Vossius, Is. Vossius, and Dodwell, regarded
Nerva, he defeated a Pseudo-Perseus or a Pseudo- the author as the contemporary of Panaetius and
Philippus, for there is some uncertainty about the Polybius; but most modern scholars are disposed