A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

SCOPAS. SCRIBONIA. 7.57
the group. There is a head of Niobe in the col- Pliny of any work in bronze by Scopas, although
lection of Lord Yarborough, which has some claim his name appears in the chronological list of stato be considered as the original. Our space forbids tuaries at the beginning of the chapter. But even
ourentering on the various questions which have been that passage is, as has been seen, involved in difraised respecting this group, such as the genuineness ficulty, and one proposed emendation, that of
or originality of the figures, the manner of grouping Thiersch, would banish the name of Scopas from it
them, and the aesthetic character of the whole com altogether, substituting Onatas. The only work in
position: on these matters the reader is referred to bronze expressly ascribed to Scopas is the Aphrothe works now quoted. (Miiller, Archaiol. d. Kunst, dite Pandemus at Elis, mentioned, as above stated,
~ 126, ed. Welcker, 1848, and the authorities by Pausanias.
there quoted; Desknmiler, vol. ii. pl. xxxiii. xxxiv.; Raoul-Rochette enumerates, among the ancient
Thiersch, Epochen, pp. 368-371; Penny Cyclo- engravers, a Scopas, whom he considers to be a
paedia, art. Nliohe.) Greek artist, of the Roman period (Lettre a Ill.
4. Statues of other Divinities.-Pliny (H. N. SchLorn, pp. 153, 154). It is not improbable that
xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ~ 10) ascribes to Scopas a much- among the Parian artists descended from Scopas,
admired sitting statue of Vesta in the Servilian one of the same name may have practised this
gardens (respecting the corrupt words which follow, branch of the art at the period in question; and if
see Sillig's Pliny), a sitting Colossus of Mars in the antiquaries be correct in supposing the subject
the temple of Brutus Callaicus, and a Minerva at of one of the gems bearing his name to be the
Cnidus (il. ~ 5); and the following works are head of Sextus Pompeius, this evidence would be
nentioned by other writers:-a statue of Hermes sufficient. Visconti, however, doubts the genuine(Anth. Planud. iv. 192; BIunck. Anal. vol. iii. p. ness of the inscription on that gem; and besides,
197; Jacobs, Append. Antis. Pal. vol. ii. p. 684): there is no positive evidence that the portrait is that
a marble Heracles, at Sicyon (Paus. ii. 10. ~ 1): of Sextus Pompeius. With regard to the other two
a beardless Aesculapius and a Hygieia, at Gortyna gems bearing the inscription 2KOHIA, it is pretty
in Arcadia (Paus. viii. 28. ~ 1): a statue of evident that on the one, which represents an
Athena, which stood on one side of the entrance Apollo Cilezaroedus, the inscription merely indicates
of the temple of Apollo Ismenius, outside the gates that the subject is copied from the celebrated
of Thebes; on the other side of the entrance was Apollo of Scopas; and it seems by no means ima Hermes by Pheidias; and the two statues were probable that the case is similar with respect to
called rIpdoao, (Pans. ix. 10. ~ 2): a Hecate at the other, which represents a naked female coming
Argos (Pants. ii. 22. ~ 8): and two Furies at out of the bath. [P. S.]
Athens. (Clenm. Alex. Protrept. p. 30, ed. Syl- SCO'PASIS (:mcW5raol, scod7rarors), a king of
burg; Sillig. Cat. Art. s. v. Calus.) the Scythians, commanded one of the three divi5. But the most esteemed of all the works of sions of his countrymen, when Scythia was inScopas, according to Pliny, was his group which vaded by Dareius Hystaspis. It was the body
stood in the shrine of Cn. Domitius in the Fla- under the command of Scopasis, which, arriving at
nlinian circus, representing Achilles conducted to the Danube before Dareius reached it in his rethe island of Leuce by the divinities of the sea. It treat, endeavoured, though without success, to
consisted of figures of Neptune, Thetis, and Achilles, prevail on the Ionians to destroy the bridge of
surrounded lby Nereids sitting on dolphins and boats over the river, and thus ensure the dehuge fishes (t7'rs7) and hippocaumpi, and attended struction of the Persians. (Herod. iv. 120, 128,
by Tritons, and by an assemblage of sea monsters, 136; Just. ii. 5.) [E. E.]
which Pliny describes by the phrase Chorus Plsorci SCOPELIA/NIUS (,SKorehAlavds), a sophist,
et pistrices et multa alia marina. All these figures, rhetorician, and poet, of Clazomenae, was the dishe adds, were by the hand of Scopas himself, and ciple of Nicetes of Smyrna, and flourished under
would have been enough to immortalize the artist, Domitian and Nerva, a little before Polemon and
even if they had cost the labour of his whole life. Herodes Atticus. He taught at Smyrna, and had
Mi'ller thinks it probable that Scopas infused into Herodes among his pupils. He devoted himself to
this marine group something of the spirit of those poetry, and especially to tragedy. His life is reBacchic revellers upon the land whom he was so lated at great length by Philostratus ( Vit. Sophist.
successful in pourtraying, making the Tritons to i. 21), who speaks of him with very high respect.
resemble Satyrs, and the Nereids Maenads. There (Welcker, die Griech. Trag. p. 1323; Clinton,
is still extant a beautiful statue of a Nereid on a Fast. Rom. A. n. 93.) [P. S.]
hippocamp, both in the Florentine Gallery and the SCORPIA'NUS, AE'LIUS, consul A. D. 276,
Museum at Naples (Tfjiln zss Mll'eyer's Kuzsst- when Probus was proclaimed emperor. (Vopisc.
gescilichte, pl. 10, A), besides other statues of sea Prob. 1].)
gods and monsters, but none of them can be as- SCRIBOtNIA. The wife of Octavianus, aftersigned with certainty to the group of Scopas. wards the emperor Augustus, had been previously
(Miiller, AXrchiiol. ~~ 125, 126, 402.) married to two men of consular rank, according to
The above list contains, we believe, all the Suetonius (Assg. 62). This writer, however, does
known works of Scopas, except a Canephoros not mention their names; and we know the name
mentioned by Pliny, which was in the collection of of only one of them, namely P. Cornelius Scipio,
Asinius Pollio. There is also a hopelessly corrupt of whose consulship, however, there is no record.
passage of Pliny (xxxiv. 8. s. 19. ~ 33), in which [SCIPIO, No. 31.] By him she had two children,
Scopas appears to be mentioned as the maker of P. Cornelius Scipio, who was consul, B. c. 16, and
bronze statues of philosophers; but perhaps the a daughter, Cornelia, who was married to Paulus
name ought to be altogether banished from the Aemilius Lepidus, censor B. c. 22. [LEPIUs,,
passage (see Sillig, Cat. Art., and edition of Pliny, No. 19.] Scribonia was the sister of L. Scribonius
and Janus, Cod. Baszb. app. to Sillig's Pliny). If Libo, who was the father-in-law of Sex. Pomlpey,
this passage be rejected, there is no mention by the son of Pompey the Great. [LIBO, No. 4.]
3c 3