A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

SATURNINUS. SATURNIN US. 723
the case of Cluentius (pro Cluentio, 38, 65). regard to whom history is altogether silent. The
He pleaded for Chaerea against Cicero's client, piece in'question exhibits on the obverse a rayed
Q. Roscius, the comic actor (pro RosC. Corn. 1, head with the words IMP. CAE. SATVYRNINVS AV.;
6, 8). on the reverse a soldier stabbing an enemy who
SATU'RNIA, that is, a daughter of Saturnus, has fallen from his horse, with FEL. TEM. REPAand accordingly used as a surname of Juno and RATIO, a legend which appears for the first time
Vesta. (Virg. Aen. i. 23, xii. 156; Ov. Fast. i. on the coins of Constans and Constaltius. (Eckhel,
265, vi. 383.) [L. S.] vol. viii. pp. 111-113.) [W. R.]
SATURNI'NUS, artists. 1. One of the great SATURNI'NUS, AE'LIUS, composed some
gem-engravers of the age of Augustus. There is poems disrespectful to the emperor Tiberius, and
a beautiful cameo by him, engraved with the was in consequence condemned by the senate,
portrait of the younger Antonia, the wife of and hurled down from the Capitol. (Dion Cass.
Drusus, and inscribed with the word CATOP- lvii. 22.)
NEINOT, in very fine characters. The gem SATURNIINUS, AEMI'LIUS, praefectus
formerly belonged to the Arcieri family at Rome, praetorio under Septimius Severls, was slain by
and afterwards to the late queen of Naples, Plautianus, the all-powerful favourite of the emCaroline Murat. (R. Rochette, Lettre a AL. Schorn, peror. (Dion Cass. lxxv. 14.)
p. 153, 2d ed.). SATURNIINUS, AtNNIUS, mentioned in a
2. Among the artists of the age of the Anto- letter of Cicero (ad Att. v. 1. ~ 2).
nines, Muller mentions, on the authority of Ap- SATURNI/NUS, L. ANTO'NIUS, governor
puleius (de Mlagia, p. 66, ed. Bipont.), a skilful of Upper Germany in the reign of Domitian,
wood-carver, named Saturninus, of Oea, in Africa. raised a rebellion against that emperor from
(Miiller, ArchiLol. d. Kunst, ~ 204, n. 5.) motives of personal hatred, A. D. 91. A sudden
3. P. Lucretius, a silver-chaser, only known by inundation of the Rhine prevented Saturninus
a Roman inscription. (Doni, Inscript. p. 319, from receiving the assistance of the barbarians
No. 12; R. Rochette, Lettre a M. Schorn, p. 401, which had been promised him, and he was in
2d ed.) [P. S.] consequence conquered without difficulty by L.
SATURNI'NUS I., one of the thirty tyrants Appius Maximus, the general of Domitian.
enumerated by Trebellius Pollio [see AUREOLUS], Maximus burnt all the letters of Antoius, that
by whom we are told that he was the best of all others might not be implicated in the revolt; but
the generals of his day, and much beloved by Domitian did not imitate the magnanimity of his
Valerian, that disgusted by the debauchery of general, for he seized the pretext to put various
Gallienus, he accepted from the soldiers the title persons to death along with Saturninus, and sent
of emperor, and that, after having displayed much their heads to be exposed on the Rostra at
energy during the period of his sway, he was put Rome. It is related that the victory over Auto death by the troops, who could not endure the tonius was announced at Rome on the same day
sternness of his discipline. Not one word, how- on which it was fought. As to the variations ill
ever, is said of the country in which these the name of L. Appius Maximus in the different
events took place. (Trebell. Poll. Trig. Tyr. writers see MAxIMvs, p. 986, b. (Dion Cass.
22.) [W. R.] lxvii. 11; Suet. Dom. 6, 7; Aurel. Vict. Epit.
SATURNI'NUS II., a native of Gaul, whose 11; Mart. iv. 11, ix. 85; Plut. eemnil. Paul.
biography has been written by Vopiscus, distin- 25.)
guished himself so highly by military achievements SATURNI'NUS, APO'NIUS, the governor
in his native country, in Spain and Africa, that of Moesia at the death of Nero, repulsed the
lie was regarded as one of the most able officers Sarmatians, who had invaded the province, and
in the empire, and was appointed by Aurelian was in consequence rewarded by a triumphal
commander of the Eastern frontier, with express statue at the commencement of Otho's reign. In
orders that he should never visit Egypt, for it was the struggle between Vitellius and Vespasian for
feared that the presence of an active and ambitious the empire, he first espoused the cause of the
Gaul among a population notorious for turbulence former, but afterwards declared himself in faand violence might lead to disorder or insurrection. vour of the latter, and crossed the Alps to join
The far-seeing sagacity of this injunction was fully Antonius Primus in northern Italy. But Primus,
proved, for when, at a later period, during the who was anxious to obtain the supreme command,
reign of Probus, Saturninus entered Alexandria, excited a mutiny of the soldiers against Saturninus,
the crowd at once saluted him as Augustus. Fly- and compelled him to fly from the camp. Tacitus
ing from such a dangerous compliment, he returned calls him a consular, which we might infer from his
to Syria; but concluding, upon reflection, that his being Legatus of Moesia, but his name does not
safety was already compromised, with great reluc- occur in the Fasti. (Tac. Hist. i. 79, ii. 85, 96,
tance he permitted himself to be invested with a iii. 5, 9, 11.)
purple robe stripped from a statue of Venus, and SATURNI/NUS, APPULEIUS. 1. C. APin that attire, surrounded by his troops, received PULEIUS SATURNINUS, was one of the commisthe adoration of the crowd. He was eventually sioners sent by the senate in B. c. 168 to inquire
slain by the soldiers of Probus, although the em- into and settle the disputes between the Pisani
peror would willingly have spared his life. (Vo- and Lunenses. (Liv. xlv. 13.)
piscus, Saturn.) [W. R.] 2. APPULEaUS SATURNINUS, praetor B. C. 166,
SATURNI'NUS III. A medal in third brass is probably the same person as the L. Appuleills
has been described by Banduri, which, if genuine, who was appointed in B. C. 173 one of the comcannot, according to the most skilful numismato- missioners for dividing certain lands in Liguria and
logists, be ascribed to an epoch earlier than the age Gaul among the citizens and Latins. (Liv. xlv.
of the sons of Constantine, and must therefore 44, comp. xlii. 4.)
commemorate the usurpation of some pretender with 3. L. APPULEIUS SATURNINUS, the celebrated
3 A 2