A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

SALONINA. SALONIN US. 699
whereby the king's perplexity and tormenting NUS], upon the capture of Colonia Agrippina by
suspicion were greatly increased. At length, how- Postumus, in A. D. 259, she must have been marever, the machinations of Salome and her accom- ried before A. D. 242, that is, upwards of ten years
plices prevailed against the princes, and succeeded before the elevation of Valerian. Zonaras asserts
in effecting their death, in B. C. 6. Nor was the that she witnessed with her own eyes the death of
favour of Herod ever afterwards withdrawn from her husband before the walls of Milan, in A. D.
his sister, who was prudent enough, indeed, to 268, a statement fully confirmed, as far as dates are
cultivate it assiduously. Thus, listening to the concerned, by the numerals found on Alexandrian
advice of the empress Livia, she obeyed her medals. Hence it is evident that Gibbon is misbrother in marrying Alexas, his confidant, though taken in supposing that Pipara or Pipa, the daughter
sorely against her will; and she detected and put of the Suevic Attalus, had any claim to be regarded
hint on his guard against the treasonable designs as the lawful spouse of Gallienus.
of ANTIPATER and Pheroras. It was to her The Roman medals of Salonina, which are very
accordingly, and to her husband Alexas, as those common, exhibit those names only which are placed
upon whom he could best depend, that Herod, on at the head of this article, but on the productions
his death-bed at Jericho, gave the atrocious order, of the Greek mint we find also the appellations
that the Jewish nobles, whom he had sent for and Julia (IOT. KOP. CAA(QNINA), Publia Licinia
shut up in the Hippodrome, should all be murdered (IIO. AIK. KOP. CAAnZNINA), and Chrjysogone
there as soon as he breathed his last, so that his (CAArIN. XPTCOFONH. CEB.). From the last
death might excite at any rate lamentations of some have concluded that she was of Grecian origin,
some kind. This command, however, they did not but of her family we know nothing. (For authoobey. On the decease of Herod, Salome received rities see GALLIENUS; SALONINUS; VALER[as a bequest from him the towns of Jamnia, Azotus, ANUS.) [W. R.]
and Phasaelis, besides a large quantity of money,
to which Augustus added a palace at Ascalon;
and Josephus tells us that her annual income
amounted altogether to 60 talents. She died during
the time that M. Ambivins was procurator of i
Judea; i. e. between 1 0 and 13 A. D., leaving the IA
bulk of her possessions to the empress Livia. (Strab.
xvi. p. 765; Joseph. Ant. xiv. 7, xv. 3, 7, xvi. ],
3, 4, 7-11, xvii. 1, 2-9, 11, xviii. 2, Bell. Jud.
i. 8, 22-25, 28, 29, 32, 33, ii. 6, 9; Euseb. Hist.
Eccl. i. 8.) COIN OF SALONINA.
3. A daughter of Herod the Great by Elpis.
In addition to what her father bequeathed to her, SALON1/NUS, was given by Asinius Pollio,
Augustus gave her a considerable dowry, and mar- as an agnomen to his son C. Asinius Gallus
ried her to one of the sons of Pheroras, Herod's [GALLUS, ASINIUS, No. 2]. Asinius Gallus
brother. (Joseph. Ant. xvii. 1. ~ 3, 8. ~ 1, 11. ~ 5, seems not to have employed the name himself,
Bell. Jud. i. 28. ~ 4, 29. ~ 1, ii. 6. ~ 3.) but he gave it as a cognomen to one of his sons
4. Daughter of Herodias by Herod Philip, son by Vipsania, the former wife of the emperor
of Herod the Great, was the maiden who pleased Tiberius. This son, Asinius Saloninus, died iln
Herod Antipas by her dancing, and obtained from A. D. 28. (Tac. Ann. iii. 75.)
him the execution of John the Baptist. She was SALONI'NUS, P. LICI'NIUS CORNE'twice married —st to her uncle Philip, the te- LIUS VALERIA'NUS, son of Gallienus and
trarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis, who died Salonina, grandson of the emperor Valerian. When
childless; and 2d, to her cousin Aristobulus, son his father and grandfather assumed the title of
of Herod king of Chalcis [ARIsTOBULus, No. 6.], Augustus, in A. D. 253, the youth received the deby whom she had three sons (Matt. xiv. 3-12; signation of Caesar. Some years afterwards he
Mark, vi. 17-29; Joseph. Ant. xviii. 5. ~~ 2, 4). was left in Gaul, under the charge of Silvanus, at
The legendary account of her death, as given by the period when Gallienus was hastily summoned
Nicephorus in his Ecclesiastical History (i. 20), is to encounter the rebel Ingenuus, in Pannonia.
a very clumsy invention. [E. E.] The insurrection headed by Postumus soon after
SALO NIA, the second wife of Cato the Censor, broke out, and Saloninus was driven to take refuge
was the daughter of a scribe, and client of the in Colonia Agrippina, where he was put to death
latter, and bore the vigorous old man a son when by the conqueror, upon the capture of the city in
he had completed his eightieth year. This son, A. D. 259 [see POSTuMus], being at that time
who was called M. Cato Salonianus, was the about seventeen years old. In addition to the
grandfather of Cato Uticensis. (Plut. Cat. Maj. names placed at the head of this article, we find
24; Gell. xiii. 19.) It is stated in Hieronymus Gallienus upon a coin of Perinthus (see also Zona(in Jovian. vol. iv. p. 190, ed. Paris) that the ras, xii. 24), and Egnatius upon one of Samos. The
name of Cato's second wife was Actoria Paula, appellations Cornelius Salonisus appear to have
but the name is probably a mistake of the copyist been inherited from his mother, the remainder from
for Aemilia Paula, who was the wife of the his paternal ancestors. Great embarrassment has
Censor's eldest son. (Drumann, Gesclhichte Reots, been caused to historians and archaeologists by the
vol. v. p. 148, &c.). circumstance that, upon many of the numerous
SALONIINA, the wife of Caecina, the general medals, both Greek and Roman, struck in his
of Vitellius. (Tac. Hist. ii. 20.) honour, while he was yet alive, he is styled AugusSALJONI'NA, CORNE'LIA, Augusta, the tus; while on those which commemorate his
wife of Gallienus and mother of Saloninus. Since apotheosis, he appears as Caesar only. Among
her son perished at the age of seventeen [SALONI- the various, explanations proposed of this anolmaly,