A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

698 SALOME. SALOME.
English versions. The oldest is Barclay's trans- been identified with Alexandra, the wife of Alexlation of the Jugurtha. The latest are by H. ander Jannaeus, who, according to this hypothesis,
Stewart, London, 1806, 2 vols. 4to. and by married her, in obedience to the Jewish law, to
Arthur Murphy, London, 1807. The Index raise up seed to his brother. Such a conjecture,
Editionum Sallustii and Index Versionum, pre- however, is disproved by the fact, that Hyrcafixed to Frotscher's edition, show the prodigious nus II., son of Alexander Jannaeus and Alexlabour that has been expended on the works of andra, was past 80 when he died, in B. c. 30, and
Sallustius. [G. L.] therefore must have been born several years before
C. SALLU'STIUS CRISPUS, the grandson the death of Aristobulus I. (See Joseph. Ant. xv.
of the sister of the historian, was adopted by the 6. ~ 3.)
latter, and inherited his great wealth. In imi- 2. Daughter of Antipater, the Idumaean, by his
tation of Maecenas, he preferred remaining a Roman wife Cypros, and sister to Herod the Great. Saeques; and without the dignity of a senator, he lome and her mother conceived the bitterest hatred
possessed more influence in the state than those against Herod's wife Mariamne, who, proud of her
who had been distinguished by consulships and Asmonaean blood, had overbearingly and imprutriumphs. Though given to luxury, and affecting dently contrasted it with theirs; and accordingly,
to care only for his personal enjoyments, he pos- in B. c. 34, on the return of Herod from Laodiceia,
sessed great vigour of mind, and capacity for whither he had been summoned by Antony to
public business. For many years he was second answer for the murder of his brother-in-law, the
only to Maecenas in the confidence of Augustus, young Aristobulus [ARISTOBULUS, No. 3.], they
and on the fall of that favourite he became the accused Mariamne of adultery with Josephus (the
principal adviser of the emperor. He enjoyed the uncle and husband of Salome), to whose care
same distinction at first under Tiberius, and Ilerod had committed his wife on his departure,
having been privy to the murder of Agrippa and who consequently fell a victim to the jealousy
Postumus, he recommended Livia, when the of the king. Nor did many years elapse before,
matter was mentioned in the senate, not to allow ill B.. C29, the life of Mariamne herself also was
the imperial secrets to be discussed in that body. sacrificed to the anger of Herod, instigated by the
In A.D. 16 he was enployed by Tiberius to calumnious representations of Salome and Cypros
apprehend the false Agrippa. He died in A. D. [MARIAMNE, No. 1.] On the death of Josephus,
20, at an advanced age, having lost the real con- Salome married Costobarus, a noble Idumaean,
fidence of the emperor some time previously, whom Herod had made governor of Idumnaea and
though he continued nominally to be one of his Gaza. Soon after his marriage, Costobarus was
friends (Tac. Ann. i. 6, ii. 40, iii. 30; Senec. de detected in a treasonable negotiation with CleoClem. 10). He possessed valuable copper mines patra, queen of Egypt, to whom he offered to
in the Alpine country of the Centrones (Plin. transfer his allegiance, if she could prevail on
H. N. xxxiv. 2). The Sallustius, whom Horace Antony to add Idumaea to her dominions; and it
attacked in one of his Satires (Sat. i. 2. 48), is was only by the entreaties of Cypros and Salome
probably the same person as the preceding; but that Herod was induced to spare his life. It was
at a later period, when the poet became acquainted not long, however, before dissensions arose between
with the imperial court, he addressed one of his Salome and her husband, whereupon she divorced
odes to him. (Carm. ii. 2.) him. in defiance of the Jewish law, which gave no
SALLU'STIUS LUCULLUS, legatus of such power to the wife, and effected his death by
Britain under Domitian, was slain by that emperor representing to her brother that she had repudiated
because he had called some lances of a new shape him because she had discovered that he had abused
Luculleae, after his own name. (Suet. Donm. 10.) the royal clemency, and was still guilty of treasonSALMO'NEUS (YaXlAwlvseT), a son of Aeolus able practices. This occurred in B. c. 26.
by Enarete, and a brother of Sisyphus. (Apollod. Against the sons of Mariamne, Alexander and
i. 7. ~ 3; Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iv. 252.) He Aristobulus [ARISTOBULuS, No. 4.], Salome conwas first married to Alcidice and afterwards to tinued to cherish the samne hatred with which she
Sidero; by the former wife he was the father of had persecuted their mother to her fate; and with
Tyro. (Hom. Od. xi. 235; Apollod. i. 9. ~ 8; this feeling she also strove successfully to infect
Died. iv. 68.) He originally lived in Thessaly, her own daughter, BERENICE, whom Aristobulus,
but emigrated to Elis, where he built the town of about B. c. 16, had received in marriage from Herod.
Salmone. (Strab. viii. p. 356.) He there went so The hostility was cordially reciprocated by the
far in his presumption and arrogance, that he princes, who, however, were no match for the arts
deemedlhimself equal to Zeus, and ordered sacri- of Salome, aided too as she was by her brother
fices to be offered to himself; nay, he even Pheroras, and her nephew Antipater, and who only
imitated the thunder and lightning of Zeus, but played into the hands of their enemies by their
the father of the gods killed the presumptuous indiscreet violence of language. Salome did inman with his thunderbolt, destroyed his town, and deed herself incur for a time the displeasure of
punished him in the lower world. (Apollod. i. 9. Herod, who suspected her, with good reason, of
~ 7; Lucian, Tim. 2; Virg. Aen. vi. 585, &c.; having calumniated him to his son Alexander, as
Hygin. Fab. 60, 61, 250; Claudian, in Rufin. harbouring evil designs towards Glaphyra, the
514.) [L. S.] wife of the latter, while his anger against her was
SALO'ME (ca;~crqi). 1. Also called Alex- further provoked by her undisguised passion for
andra, was the wife of Aristobulus I., king of the Syllaeus, the minister of Obodas, king of the NaJews, on whose death, in B. c. 106, she released bathaeans, and his ambassador at the Jewish court.
his brothers, who had been thrown by him into Again, when Herod, lending a ready ear to the
prison, and advanced the eldest of them (Alex- calumnies against his son Alexander, had thrown
ander Jannaeus) to the throne (Joseph. Ant. xiii. him into prison, the young man retaliated with
12. ~ 1, Bell. Jud. i. 4. ~ 1). By some she has charges of treason against Pheroras and Salome,