A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

694 SALINATOR. SALINATOR.ALINATOR.
Apollo, derived from the town of Salganeus in a good man, why had they condemned him as a
Boeotia. (Steph. Byz. s. v.; comp. Strab. ix. bad man? if they had condemned him justly, why
p. 403.) [L. S.] did they deem him worthy of a second consulship?"
SA'LIA, FLA'VIUS, consul under Constan- At length he yielded to the entreaties of the senate,
tius II., in A. D. 348, with Flavius Philippus. The and allowed himself to be elected consul. But a
poet Prudentius was born lin their consulship, as difficulty still remained. Livius was a personal
we learn from the introduction to his works. enemy of Nero; and, as it was of the first imT. SALIE'NUS, a centurion in Caesar's army portance that the two consuls should act with unain Africa, in B. c. 46, induced the two Titii to sur- nimity, the senate endeavoured to reconcile them.
render their ship to C.Virgilits, the Pompeian leader. " To what purpose? " said Livius: " we shall act
He was subsequently dismissed from the army by with all the more vigour, if we are each afraid of
Caesar with disgrace. (Hirt. B. Afr. 28, 54.) giving one another an opportunity of obtaining reSALIE'NUS CLEMENS, a senator in the nown by our disasters?" The authority of the
reign of Nero. (Tac. Ann. xv. 73.) senate, however, again prevailed, and Livius conSALINA'TOR, TI. CLAUDIUS FUSCUS. sented with difficultyto be reconciled to his colleague.
[Fuscus, p. 191, b.] Still he went forth to the war with bitter feelings
SALINA/TOR, LL'VIUS. 1. M. LIvIvs M. against his countrymen. When Fabius urged him
F. M. N. SALINATOR, was consul B. C. 219, with not to fight till he had become well acquainted with
L. Aemilius Paulus. Both consuls were sent the forces of the enemy, the consul replied, that
against the Illyrians, who had risen in arms under he should fight as soon as possible, in order that
Demetrius of the island of Pharos in the Adriatic. he might gain glory from the victory, or have the
The consuls soon brought the war to an end, sub- satisfaction of seeing the defeat of his countrymen.
dued the strongholds of Demetrius, and compelled His conduct, however, was not as rash as his
the latter to fly for refuge to Philip, king of Ma- words. The lot decided that he should oppose
cedonia. Polybius attributes these exploits to Hasdrubal in Northern Italy, and that Nero should
Paulus alone, but we learn from other writers fight against Hannibal in the south. Hasdrubal
that Livius carried on the war together with his made his appearance in Northern Italy sooner than
colleague, though it is probable that he took only was expected either by friends or foes. His great
a subordinate part in the campaign. He triumphed, object was to effect a junction with Hannibal, but
however, with Paulus on his return to Rome; but some horsemen, whom he had sent to his brother,
immediately afterwards both consuls were brought to carry intelligence of his movements and to proto trial on the charge of having unfairly divided pose their meeting in Umbria, were intercepted by
the booty among the soldiers. Paulus escaped Nero. The latter instantly set out with a light
with difficulty, but Livius was condemned by all detachment of 7000 men, and succeeded in joining
the thirty-five tribes, with the exception of the Livius in his camp at Sena. The two consuls reMaecian. The sentence seems to have been an solved upon an immediate battle; but Hasdrubal,
unjust one, and Livius took his disgrace so much perceiving the arrival of the other consul with his
to heart that he left the city and retired to his forces, declined the combat, and retreated towards
estate in the country, where he lived some years Ariminum. The Romans pursued him, and cornwithout taking any part in public affairs. (Polyb. pelled him to fight on the Metaurus. The Cariii. 19; Zonar. viii. 20; Appian, Illyr. 8; Aurel. thaginian army was completely defeated, and HasVict. de Vir. Iii. 50; Liv. xxii. 35, xxvii. 34, xxix. drubal himself fell in the combat. Further details
37.) But the disasters which Rome experienced of this battle, which was decisive of the fate of
during the next few years would not allow her to Italy, are given in the life of Hasdrubal [HAsdispense with the services of any of her citizens, DRUBAL, No. 6]. The consuls entered the city in
and accordingly the consuls brought him back to triumph at the end of the summer, Livius in the
the city in B.c. 210, after he had been absent triumphal car and Nero riding by his side, the
nearly eight years. He had, however, neither greater distinction being granted to the former, as
forgotten nor forgiven his unjust sentence; he re- the battle had been fought in his province and he
turned to the city in a manner which showed that had had the auspices on the day of the engagement,
his disgrace still rankled in his breast; his gar- though the general voice ascribed the honour of the
ments were mean, and his hair and beard long and victory to Nero (Liv. xxvii. 34, 35, 40, 46-49,
uncombed; but the censors compelled him to lay xxviii. 9; Polyb. xi. 1-3; Zonar. ix. 9; Appian,
aside his squaeor, and resume his seat in the Annib. 52, 53; Oros. iv. 18; Eiitrop. iii. 18;
senate. Even then he would not speak, and he Val. Max. iv. 2. ~ 2, vii. 2. ~ 6, vii. 4. ~ 4, ix. 3.
remained silent for two years, till the attacks made ~ 1). In the battle Livius vowed a temple to Juupon his kinsman, M. Livius Macatus, induced ventas, which was dedicated sixteen years afterhim, in B. c. 208, to open his lips in his defence. wards. (Cic. Brut. 18; Liv. xxxvi. 36.)
In the same year the exigencies of the republic led In the same year, B. c. 207, Livius was apto his election to the consulship for the following pointed dictator for the purpose of holding the
year, B. c. 207, with C. Claudius Nero. consular comitia. Next year, B. C. 206, he was
The apprehended invasion of Northern Italy by stationed in Etruria, as proconsul, with an army of
Hasdrubal, made it more necessary than ever to two legions of volones, and his imperium was prohave generals of experience at the head of the longed for two successive years. Towards the end
Roman legions. One of the consuls was obliged to of B. c. 205 he advanced from Etruria into Cisalpine
be a plebeian; and the deaths of Gracchus, Flami- Gaul, in order to support the praetor Sp. Lucretius,
nius, and Marcellus, left Livius almost the only who had to oppose Mago, who had landed in Liplebeian general to whom the republic dared to guria. They succeeded in shutting Mago up in
commit its fortunes. But at first Livius sternly Liguria, where he remained for two or three years
refused to be chosen. His misanthropy increased [MAGO, No. 7]. (Liv. xxviii. 10, 46, xxix. 5, 13.)
rather than diminished. " If they considered him In B. c. 204 Livius was censor with his old enlemy