A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

686 SABINA. SABINA.
xli.; Philastrius, De Ifaeres. post ChIristi Pas- with the title of Auguzsta, as appears from her
sionerz, xxvi.; Athanas. Contra Arianos Oratio medals. She received her title at the same time as
III. iv., IF. cxxv., De Synodis, c. vii.; Dionys. Hadrian was called Pater Patriae. (Oros. vii. 13.)
Romanus, apud Athanas. Epistola de Sententia Orosius supposes that this took place at the beDionysii, cxxvi.; Theodoret, Haeret. Fabul. Com- ginning of the reign of Hadrian, but Eckhel has
rend. ii. 9.) shown that it must be referred to A. D. 128. Sabina
From the manner in which Athanasius argues was enrolled among the gods after her death, as we
against the Sabellians (Orat. contra Arianos, c. 11, see from medals which bear Divae Sabinac. She is
25), it appears that they considered the emission of frequently called Julia Sabina by modern writers:
the divine energy, the Son, to have been antecedent but the name of Julia is found only on the forged
to creation, and needful to effect it: " That we coins of Goltzius. (Eckhel, vol. vi. pp. 519-523.)
might be created the Word proceeded forth, and
from his proceeding forth we exist" ('la 7veuc-s
K'rLoO&cJev 7srpolXOev o hA syos Kal 7rpoeAhdv'os arO'oO
hE eOv), is the form in which Athanasius (c. 25)
states the doctrine of the Sabellians. The return
of the Son into the Father appears also to have been t /
regarded as subsequent to the consummation of all i Ee
things (comp. Greg. Thaumaturgi Fides, apud Mai,
Scriptor. Vet. Nova Collectio, vol. vii. p. 171),
and therefore as yet to come. Neander (1. c.) COiN OF SABINA, THE WIFE OF HADRIAN.
says that Sabellius considered " human souls to be
a revelation or partial out-beaming of the divine SABItNA, POPPAEA, first the mistress and
Logos," but gives no authority for the statement. afterwards the wife of Nero, belonged to a noble
(The ancient authorities for this article have family at Rome, and was one of the most beautiful
been already cited. There are notices of Sabellius women of her age. Her father was T. Ollius, who
and his doctrine in the following modern writers: perished at the fall of his patron Sejanus; and her
Tillemont, Meimoires, vol. iv. p. 237, &c.; Lardner, maternal grandfather was Poppaeus Sabinus, who
Credibility, ec., pt. ii. bk. i. c. xliii. ~ 7; Mosheim, had been consul in A. D. 9, and whose name she
De Rebus Christianor. ante Constantin. liacgnunm, assumed as more illustrious than that of her father.
Saec. iii. ~ xxxiii.; Neander, 1. c.; Milhnan, Hist. Poppaea herself, says Tacitus, possessed every
of Christianity, vol. ii. p. 429.) [J. C. M.] thing except a virtuous mind. From her mother
SABELLUS, a contemporary of Martial, was she inherited surpassing beauty; her fortune was
the author of some obscene poems. (Mart. xii. 43.) sufficient to support the splendour of her birth; her
SABI'DIUS, a friend of C. Antonius, Cicero's conversation was distinguished by sprightliness and
colleague in the consulship (Q. Cic. de Pet. Cons. vivacity; and her modest appearance only gave a
2. ~ 8). The name occurs in inscriptions, but is greater zest to her favours. She rarely appeared in
not found in writers. public; and whenever she did so, her face was
SABICTAS. [ABISTAMENES.] partially concealed by a veil. She was careless of
SABI'NA, the wife of the emperor Hadrian her reputation; but in her amours she always conwas the grand-niece of Trajan, being the daughter sulted her interest, and did not gratify blindly either
of Matidia, who was the daughter of Marciana, the her own passions or those of others. She had been
sister of Trajan. Sabina was married to Hodrian originally married to Rufius Crispinus, praefect of
about A.D. 100 through the influence of Plotina, the praetorian troops under Claudius, by whom she
the wife of Trajan, but not with the full appro- had a son, but she afterwards became the mistress
bation of the latter. The marriage did not prove of Otho, who was one of the boon companions of
a happy one. Hadrian complained of his wife's Nero, and by whose means she hoped to attract
temper, and said that he would have divorced her the notice of the emperor. Having obtained a
if he had been in a private station; while she divorce from Rufius, she married Otho. Her husused to boast that she had taken care not to propa- band extolled her charms with such rapture to the
gate the race of such a tyrant. But, although emperor, that he soon became anxious to see the
Hadrian treated her almost like a slave, he would lovely wife of his friend. Poppaea, who was a pernot allow others to fail in their respect towards the fect coquette, first employed all her blandishments
empress; anud, accordingly, when Septicius Clarus, to win the prince, and when she saw that she had
the praefect of the praetorian cohorts, Suetonius secured her prize she affected modesty, and pleaded
Tranquillus, and many other high officers at the that respect for her husband would not allow her
court behaved rudely to her during the expedition to yield to the emperor's wishes. Such conduct
into Britain, Hadrian dismissed them all from their had the desired effect. Nero became more ardent
employments. Worn out by his ill-treatment in his passion, and to remove Otho out of the way
Sabina at length put an end to her life. There sent him to govern the province of Lusitania. This
was a report that she had even been poisoned by was in A. D. 58. (Tac. Ann. xiii. 45, 46.) Other
her husband. Spartianus speaks as if she had died writers give rather a different account of Poppaea's
about two years before Hadrian, and it appears first acquaintance with Nero. They relate that
from a coin of Amisus, that she was alive in A. D. Otho married Poppaea at the request of Nero, who
136. Tillemont supposes that she did not die till was anxious to conceal the intrigue from his moafter the adoption of Antoninus, since the latter ther, and that the two friends enjoyed her togecalls her his mother in an inscription. This, how- ther, till the emperor became jealous of Otho and
ever, is scarcely sufficient evidence. Antoninus was sent him into Lusitania. This was the account
adopted in February, A.D. 138, and Hadrian died which Tacitus appears to have received when he
in July in the same year. (Spartian, Hadr. 1,2, 11, was composing his Histories (Hist. i. 13); but as
23; Aurel. Vict. Epit. l4.) Sabina was honoured he relates the circumstances at greater length in his