A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

626 PYTHANGELUS. PYTHEAS.
which Pliny describes his works is extremely cor- he is likely to supply the void left by the death of
rupt, but it can be pretty well corrected by the Euripides, does not even obtain an answer, except
help of Pausanias. (Respecting the correction of by a jest of Xanthias. [P. S.]
the text, see Sillig, Cat. Art. s. v., and edition of PY'THEAS (IlvOeas), historical. 1. The son
Pliny, with Janus's supplement; and Thiersch, of Lampon, of Aegina, was a conqueror in the
Epoclken, pp. 216, 217). Besides the statue of Nemean games, and his victory is celebrated in one
Astylus already mentioned, and the pancratiast at of Pindar's odes (Nem. v). He is in all probability
Delphi by which he gained his victory over the same as the Pytheas who distinguished himMyron, he also made the statues of Leontiscus of self in the Persian wars [No. 2], since we know
Messaila, an Olympic victor in wrestling (Paus. vi. that the latter had a son of the name of Lampon.
4. ~ 2), of Protolaus of Mantineia (vi. 6. ~ 1), of 2. Or PYTHES, the son of Ischenous, of Aegina,
Euthymus, a very beautiful work of art (ib. ~ 2. was in one of the three Greek guard-ships stas. 6), of Dromeus of Stymphalus (vi. 7. ~ 3. s. 10), tioned off the island of Sciathus, which were taken
of Mnaseas of Cyrene,who was known by the sur- by the Persians shortly before the battle of Thername of Libys, and of his son Cratisthenes, who mopylae. Pytheas distinguished himself by his
was represented in a chariot, with a Victory by bravery in the engagement, and was in consehis side (vi. 13. ~ 4. s. 7, 18. ~ 1). His other quence treated by the Persians with distinguished
works, mentioned by Pliny, are, a naked figure honour. At the battle of Salamis the Sidonian
carrying apples, perhaps Hercules with the golden ship, in which he was kept as a prisoner, was
apples of the Hesperides; a lame figure, at Syra- taken by an Aeginetan vessel, and he thus recocuse, called Claodicans, " the pain of whose wound vered his liberty. Lampon, the son of this Pytheas,
even the spectator seems to feel," a description was present at the battle of Plataea, and urged
which almost certainly indicates a Philoctetes; Pausanias, after the engagement, to avenge the
two statues of Apollo, the one slaying the serpent death of Leonidas by insulting and mutilating the
Python with his arrows, the other playing the corpse of Mardonius. (Herod. vii. 181, viii. 92,
harp, of which two statues the latter was known ix. 78; Paus. iii. 4. ~ 10.)
by the surname of Dicaeus, from a story that, when 3. Or PYTHES, of Abdera, the father of NymThebes was taken by Alexander, a fugitive hid his phodorus. (Herod. vii. 137.) [NYMPHonDORU.]
money in the bosom of the statue, and found it 4. An Athenian orator, distinguished by his
afterwards in safety. There are still other works unceasing animosity against Demosthenes. He
of Pythagoras, mentioned by other authors, namely, was self-educated, and, on account of the harshness
a winged Perseus (Dion Chrysost. Orat. 37, vol. ii. and inelegance of his style, was not reckoned
p. 106, ed. Reiske); Europa sitting on the bull among the Attic orators by the grammarians.
(Tatian, adv. Gracec. 53, p. 116, ed. Worth; Varro, (Suidas, s. av.; Syrian. ad Iertnog. 16; comp.
L. L. v. 6. ~ 31); Eteocles and Polyneices dying Phil. Plsoc. 21.) His private character was bad.
by their mutual fratricide (ibid. 54, p. 118); and and he had no political principles, but changed
a statue of Dionysus, mentioned in an epigram by sides as often as suited his convenience or his inProclus, in which, though the name of Pythagoras terest. He made no pretensions to honesty. On
does not occur, we can hardly be wrong in apply- being reproached on one occasion as a rascal, he
ing to him the epithet'P-[yvov (Brunck, zAnal. frankly admitted the charge, but urged that he
vol. ii. p. 446, No. 5; Jacobs, Append. Ants. Pal. had been so for a shorter time than any of his convol. ii. p. 782, No. 69). temporaries who took part in public affairs. (Aelian,
There are still extant various medals, gems, and V. H. xiv. 28.) Suidas relates (s. v.) that having
bas-reliefs, on which there is a figure of Philoc- been imprisoned on account of a debt, probably a fine
tetes, which some antiquaries believe to be after incurred in a law-suit (&dl sP7Xqua), he made his
the type of the statue by Pythagoras, but the escape from prison and fled to Macedonia, and that
matter is quite uncertain. after remaining there for a time, he returned to
Pliny tells us that Pythagoras had for a pupil his Athens. The statement that he was unable to pay
sister's son, Sostratus (1. c. ~ 5). his debts is confirmed by the account of the author
2. Of Samos, a statuary, whom Pliny (1. e. ~ 5) of the Letters which go under the name of Demoexpressly distinguishes from the former, to whom, sthenes (Ep. 3. p. 1481, ed. Reiske), where it is rehowever, he says, the Samian bore a remarkable lated that Pytheas had acquired such a large fortune
personal likeness. He was at first a painter, and by dishonest means that he could at that time pay
was celebrated as the maker of seven naked five talents wvith more ease than five drachmas forstatues, and one of an old man, which, in Pliny's merly. We learn from the same authority that he
time, stood near the temple of Fortune, which obtained the highest honours at Athens, and was in
Catulus had erected out of the spoils of the Cimbri. particular entrusted with the distinguished duty of
(This is the meaning of Pliny's expression, hzujusce offering the sacrifices at Delphi for the Athenians.
die.) There is no indication of his date, unless He was accused by Deinarchus of (evl'a (Dionys.
we were to accept the opinion of Sillig, already Deinarch.; Harpocrat. s. v. &.,pwv'ypasqp; Steph.
noticed, that Pliny's date of 01. 87 ought to be re- Byz. s. v. Ayltvai), probably on account of his long
ferred to this artist rather than to Pythagoras of residence at Macedonia. Of the part that he took
Rhegium. [P. S.] in political affairs only two or three facts are rePYTHA'NGELUS (vOetdy'yeos), an Athe- corded. He opposed the honours which the Athenian tragic poet at the close of the fifth century nians proposed to confer upon Alexander (Plut.
B. c., who is only known by one passage in Praec. cgerend. Reip. p. 804, b, An Seniger. resp.
Aristophanes (Ran. 87), which is, however, quite p. 784, c), but he afterwards espoused the interests
enough to show the sort of estimation in which he of the Macedonian party. He accused Demosthenes
was held. Aristophanes places him at the very of having received bribes from HIarpalus. (Dem.
foot of the anti-climax of tragedians who were Ep. I. c.; Plut. Vit. tX. Orat. p. 0846, c; Phot.
still living, and the question of 1Hercules, whether Bibl. Cod. 265; Dionys. Isaeus, 4.) In the Lanian