A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

602 PUBLICOLA. PUBLILIA.
of these suspicions, he stopt the building; and the Veientines and Sabines, and obtained a triumpht in
people, ashamed of their conduct, granted him a consequence. He was interrex in B.C. 462, and
piece of ground at the foot of the Velia, with the consul a second time in 460, with C. Claudius Saprivilege of having the door of his house open back binus Regillensis. In the latter year Publicola
into the street. When Valerius appeared before the was killed in recovering the Capitol, which had
people he ordered the lictors to lower the fasces been seized by Herdonius. The history of this
before them, as an acknowledgment that their event is related under HERDONIUS. (Liv. ii. 52,
power was superior to his. Not content with this 53, 15-19; Dionys. ix. 28, x. 14-17.)
mark of submission, he brought forward laws in 3. P. VALERIUS PUBLICOLA POTITUS, Consul
defence of the republic and in support of the liberties B. C. 449, is represented by many writers as the
of the people. One law enacted that whoever son of the preceding, and the grandson of No} 1.
attempted to make himself a king should be devoted The improbability of this account is pointed out
to the gods, and that any one who liked might kill under POTITUS, No. 2, to which family he prohim; and another law declared, that every citizen bably belongs.
who was condemned by a magistrate should have 4. L. VALERaUS PUBLICOLA, was consular trithe right of appeal to the people. Now as the pa- bune five times, namely, in B. c. 394, 389, 387,
tricians possessed this right under the kings, it is 383, 380. (Liv. v. 26, vi. 1, 5, 21, 27.)
probable that the law of Valerius conferred the 5. P. VALERIUS POTITUS PUBLICOLA, who was
same privilege upon the plebeians. By these laws, consular tribune six times, belongs to the family of
as well as by the lowering of his fasces before the the Potiti. [POTITUS, No. 5.]
people, Valerius became so great a favourite, that he 6. M. VALERIUS PUBLICOLA, magister equitmn
received the surname of Publicola, or "the people's to the dictator C. Sulpicius Peticus in, B. c. 358,
friend," by which name he is more usually known. and twice consul, namely, in B. c. 355, with C.
As soon as these laws had been passed, Publicola Sulpicius Peticus, and in 353, with the same colheld the comitia for the election of a successor to league. On the history of the three years aboveBrutus; and Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus was ap- mentioned see PETICUS. (Liv. vii. 12, 17-19.)
pointed as his colleague. Iucretius, however, did 7. P. VALERUvs PUBLICOLA, consul B. C. 352,
not live many days, and accordingly M. Horatius with C. Marcius Rutilus, and praetor two years
Pulvillus was elected consul in his place. Each of afterwards, B. C. 350, in which year he had the
the consuls was anxious to dedicate the temple on command of the army of reserve in the war against
the Capitol, which Tarquin had left unfinished the Gauls. In B. C. 344 he was appointed dictator,
when he was driven from the throne; but the lot for the purpose of celebrating games in consequence
gave the honour to Horatius, to the great mortifi- of the appearance of prodigies. (Liv. vii. 21, 23,
cation of Publicola and his friends. [PULVILLr s.] 28.)
Some writers, however, place the dedication of the 8. P. VALERIUS PUBLICOLA, magister equitum
temple two years later, B. c. 507, in the third con- to the dictator M. Papirius Crassus, in B. c. 332.
sulship of Publicola, and the second of Horatius (Liv. viii. 17.)
Pilvillus. (Dionys. v. 21; Tac. Hist. iii. 72.) PUBLI'COLA, L. VIPSTA'NUS, consul
Next year, which was the second year of the A. D. 48, with A. Vitellius. (Tac. Ann. xi. 23.)
republic, B. C. 508, Publicola was elected consul PUBLI'LIA, the second wife of M. Tullius
again with T. Lucretius Tricipitinus. In this Cicero, whom he married in B. C. 46. As Cicero
year most of the annalists placed the expedition of was then sixty years of age, and Publilia quite
Porsena against Rome, of which an account has young, the marriage occasioned great scandal. It
been given elsewhere [PORSENA]. In the follow- appears that Cicero was at the time in great pecuing year, B. C. 507, Publicola was elected consul a niary embarrassments; and after the divorce of
third time with M. Horatius Pulvillus, who had Terentia, he was anxious to contract a new marbeen his colleague in his first consulship, or accord- riage for the purpose of obtaining money to pay his
ing to other accounts, with P. Lucretius; but no debts. Publilia had a large fortune, which had
event of importance is recorded under this year. been left her by her father, but, in order to evade
He was again consul a fourth time in B. C. 504 the Voconia lex, which limited the amount that a
with T. Lucretius Tricipitinus, his colleague ill his woman could receive by will, the property had
second consulship. In this year he defeated the been left to Cicero in trust for her. The marriage
Sabines and entered Rome a second time in triumph. proved an unhappy one, as might have been exHis death is placed in the following year (B. C. pected; and after the death of his daughter Tullia
503) by the annalists (Liv. ii. 16), probably, as in B. C. 45, Cicero was able to plead his sorrow as
Niebuhr has remarked, simply because his name an excuse for going into the country alone. While
does not occur again in the Fasti. Niebuhr there he writes to Atticus that Publilia had sent
supposes that the ancient lays made him perish at him a letter, requesting to be allowed to visit him,
the lake Regillus, at which two of his sons were and that he had written back to her that he wished
said to have been killed (Dionys. vi. 12), and at to remain alone; but he begged Atticus to let him
which so many heroes of the infant commonwealth know how long he might remain without being
met their death. He was buried at the public ex- surprised by a visit from her. At length Cicero
pense, and the matrons mourned for him ten months, became so tired of his young wife, and so annoyed
as they had done for Brutus. (Liv. i. 58, 59, ii. 2, 6 by her mother and brother, that he was glad to
-8, 11, 15, 16; Dionys. iv. 67, v. 12, &c. 20, 21, divorce her in the course of the year 45. It was
40, &c.; Plut. Public. passim; Cic. de Rep. ii. 31; said by some that she had expressed joy at the
Niebuhr, Hist. of Romee, vol. i. pp. 498, &c. 525, death of Tullia; this may have served Cicero as
529, &c. 558, 559.) an excuse for his conduct. Cicero had now to
2. P. VALERIUS P. F. VOLUSI N. PUBLICOLA, repay the dowry, and consequently had incurred all
son of the preceding, was consul for the first time the reproach and inconvenience of such a marriage
n.c. 475, with C. Nautius Rutilus, conquered the without reaping fronm it any advantage. He found