A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

,~t14 PSIAX. PTERAS.
edited, with the omission of the last of the three in the following form, D,!IAX: EAPAI,.EN.
works, by Corn. Sibenius, in the Novus Thesaurus (R. Rochette, Letlre a Al. Schorn, pp. 53, 54;
Jaris civilis et canonici of Ger. Meernnannus, vol. i. comp. pp. 47, 48.) [P. S.]
pp. 37, &c., 1571, fol.; again re-edited by L. H. PSILAS (ixcias), i.e. " the giver of wings," or
Zeucherus, Lips. 1789, 8vo.; reprinted in the "the unbearded," a surname of Dionysus, under
Auctores Graeci lirnores, vol. ii. Lips. 1796. which he was worshipped at Amyclae. (Paus. iii.
6. Aiac'KaAl a 7rae'oianr, sive de omnif:hria doe- 19. ~ 6; Lobeck ad Phrynich. p. 435.) [L. S.]
trina capita et quaestiones ac responsiones CXCIII. PSOPHIS ('wofs), the founder of the town of
ad Alichaelenm Duceas Imp. Const. Gr. Lat. in the Psophis in Arcadia, was, according to solne, a son
old edition of Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. v. pp. 1, of Arrhon, but, according to others, Psophis was a
&c., Ilamb. 1705, 4to. 7. Ets a'sE dyiaa s Ord Tawoman, a daughter of Xanthus or of Eryx. (Paus.
o-vosovus, de Septern Ssynodis, Gr., with the epi- viii. 24. ~ 1.) [L. S.]
grams of Cyrus Theodorus Prodromus, Basil. 1536, PSYCHE (Tuvx ), that is, "breath" or "the
8vo. 8. Paraphrasis in Cantica Canticorum, first soul," occurs in the later times of antiquity, as a
edited, with the similar works of Etusebius, Poly- personification of the human soul, and Apuleius
chronius, and others, by J. Meursius, Lugd. Bat. (Met. iv. 28, &c.) relates about her the following
1617, 4to.; reprinted in the works of Meursius, beautiful allegoric story. Psyche was the youngest
vol. viii. pp. 289, &c., Florent. 1746. fol.; also in of the three daughters of some king, and excited
the Paris Bibliotheca'atrumn, vol. xiii. pp. 681, by her beauty the jealousy and envy of Venus. In
foll. 9. Capita XL de S. Trinitate et persona order to avenge herself, the goddess ordered Amor
Christi, Gr. Lat., edited by J. Wegelinus, with the to inspire Psyche with a love for the most conArgumentat contra iNestorianos of Cyril of Alex- temptible of all men: but Amor was so stricken
andria and John of Damascus, Aug. Vind. 1611, with her beauty that he himself fell in love with
8vo.; another edition, 1698, fol. 10. Celebres her. He accordingly conveyed her to some charmOpiniones de A nima, Gr. Lat. with Origen's P1hilo- ing place, where he, unseen and unknown, visited
calia, Paris, 1624, 4to. 11. De Vitiis et Virtu- her every night, and left her as soon as the day
tibus, et Allegoriae, in iambic verse, Gr., stud. began to dawn. Psyche might have continued to
Arsenii, in the Praeclara dicta plhilosophlorul, have enjoyed without interruption this state of
Romae (no date), 8vo.; reprinted, with the Alle- happiness, if she had attended to the advice of her
gories of Heracleides Ponticts, Basil. 1544, 8vo. beloved, never to give way to her curiosity, or to
12. Enscomium. in Jletapnhraslem Deoninzum Sne- inquire who he was. But her jealous sisters made
oneen, Gr. Lat., in the De Symeonumn Scriptis her believe that in the darkness of night she was
Diatriba of Leo Allatius, Paris, 1664, 4to. 13. Ju- embracing some hideous monster, and accordingly
dicium de Heliodori et Achillis Tatii fhbulis amato- once, while Amor was asleep, she approached him
riis, Gr., edited by D'Orville, in the Miscellan. with a lamp, and, to her amazement, she beheld
Observ. Crsit. in Auctores veteres et recentiores, vol. the most handsome and lovely of the gods. In her
vii. tomni. iii. pp. 366, &c. Paris, 1743, 8vo. excitement of joy and fear, a drop of hot oil fell
14. Carmen Iambicun in depositionern Joh. Chry- from her lamp upon his shoulder. This awoke Anlor,
sostonui, in the Ercerpta G(raecoruan et Buhetorunz who censured her for her mistrust, and escaped.
of Leo Allatius, Romae, 1641, 8vo. 15. Patria, Psyche's peace was now gone all at once, and after
seu Origines Ubhis Constantinopolitanae, i. e. de having attempted in vain to throw herself into a river,
Antiquitatibus Constanltinopolitanis Libri I V. Gr. she wandered about from temple to temple, inquiring
Lat., edited by Anselmus Bandurius, in his Ism- after her beloved, and at length came to the palace
periumn Orientale, Paris, 1711, repr. Venet. 1729, of Venus. There her real sufferings began, for
folio. 16. Scholia in Zoroastrem, printed with Venus retained her, treated her as a slave. and ilmvarious editions of the Oracula Magica of Zoro- posed upon her the hardest and most humiliatinlg
aster, 1599, &c. 17. Annotationes in Greqorium, labours. Psyche would have perished under tile
printed with some editions of Gregory Nazian- weight of her sufferings, had not Amor, who still
zen, 1609, 1690. 18. HIapndparats s TO' 7repl loved her in secret, invisibly comforted and assisted
Ep7TlY7las, De Interpretatione, in the Aldine Editio her in her labours. With his aid she at last sucPrinceps of Amumonius Hermeas, 1503, folio. ceeded in overcoming the jealousy and hatred of
(Hoffilann, Lexicon Biblioqyr. Scri pt. (Graecor. s. v.) Venus; she became immortal, and was united with
For a list of the numerous unedited works of him for ever. It is not difficult to recognise ill this
Psellus, see Fabricius and Cave. lovely story the idea of which it is merely the
The Greek Anthology contains one epigram mythical embodiment, for Psyche is evidently the
ascribed to Psellus, which, in the absence of any human soul, which is purified by passions and misfurther information, may be ascribed to the younger fortunes, and is thus prepared for the enjoymenlt of
Michael Psellus, as the most celebrated person of true and pure happiness. (Conip. Manso, Verusche,
the name. (Brunck, Alnal. vol. iii. p. 127; Ja- p. 346, &c.) In works of art Psyche is represented
cobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iv. p. 97, vol. xiii. p. 918.) as a maiden with the wings of a butterfly, along
4. Joannes Psellus, a Byzantine writer, whose with Amor in the different situations described in
time is unknown, and to whom are ascribed three the allegoric story. (Hirt, Mythol. lBilderb. p. 222,
poems. Constantinus Psellus, and some other Tafel. 32.) [L. S.]
writers of the same name, scarcely deserve men- PSYCHRISTUS, JACOBUS. LJAcoBiUs,
tion. Very little is known of them, and ii the No. i.]
statements which are made respecting them they PTERAS (IITiEpas), of Delphi, a mythical
are perpetually confounded with the younger artist, who was said to have built the second
Michael Psellus. (See Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. temple of Apollo at Delphi. The traditiom was
p. 97.) [P. S ] that the first temple was made of branches of the
PSIAX, an Athenian vase-painter, whose name wild laurel from Tempe; and that the second was
is foumLd inscribed on a lecythuts made by Hilinos, made by bees, of wax and bees' wings. The name