A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PROTESILAUS. PROTEUS. 553
645, &c.), and the tenses and moods of verbs between him and his wife Laodameia, the daughter
(Diog. La'rt. ix 52, 53; Quintil. iii. 4. ~ 10; of Acastus. When she heard of the death of her
Frei, I. c. p. 133, &c.). Although Protagoras left husband, she prayed to the infernal gods to be
it to his pupils to fix the amount of his fees in allowed to converse with him only for the space of
proportion to the profit they considered themselves three hours. The prayer being granted, Hermes
to have derived from his lessons (Plat. Prot. p. conducted Protesilaus for a few hours to the upper
328. b.; Arist. Eth. NAic. ix. 1), he-the first who world, and when Protesilaus died a second time,
demanded payment for instruction and lectures- Laodameia expired with him (Hygin. Fab. 108;
nevertheless obtained an amount of wealth which Eustath. p. 325). This story, from which the
became proverbial. (Plat. Hi)p. AlMaj. p. 282, c., account of Lucian differs only slightly, has been
Meno, p. 9], d., Tdeaet. p. 161, a., 179, a.; variously modified by the poets, for, according to
Quintil. iii. 1. ~ 10; Diog. LaErt. ix. 52, 50, some, Laodameia, after the second death of her
&c.) [Ch. A. B.] husband, made an image of him, which she worPROTAGO'RIDES (Ilpc'rayeopiVa-s),ofCyzicns, shipped, and when her father Acastus ordered her
a writer only known to us from Athenaeus, who to burn it, she threw herself with the image into
refers to three of his works:-1. Isepl Aecpyl~cvy the flames (Hygin. Fab. 104). According to others,
d-ycvovv, on the games celebrated at Daphne, a Protesilaus, on returning from the lower world,
village in the neighbourhood of Antioch (iv. pp. found his wife embracing his image, and when he
150, c., 176, a., 183, f.). 2. KcwtcKal'Io'ropiaL, a died the second time, he begged of her not to follow
history of Comedy (iii. p. 124, e.). 3.'Ascpodaers too late, whereupon she killed herself with a sword.
ipcoTucal, love tales (iv. p. 162, c.). Others again relate that Laodameia, being com-'PROTARCHUS (lpcVTe'apXos), an engraver of pelled by her father to marry another man, spent
precious stones, whose name occurs on a very her nights with the image of Protesilaus (Eustath.
beautiful gem in the Florentine Museum, which 1. c.); but Conon (Narrat. 13), lastly, has quite a
represents Eros charming a lion with the harp. different tradition, for according to him, Protesilaus,
Formerly the artist's nawli was misread Ihw'rapXos. after the Trojan war, took with him Aethylla, a
(Gal. di Firenz. Gemnes. ii. 1; Miiller, Arcliiol. d. sister of Priam, who was his prisoner. When, onl
Kunst, ~ 391, n. 4.) [P. S.] his homeward voyage, he landed on the Macedonian
PRO'TEAS (rIpoWTeas). 1. An Athenian ge- peninsula of Pallene, between Mende and Scione,
neral in the time of the Peloponnesian war, the and had gone some distance from the coast, to fetch
son of Epicles. He was one of the three com- water, Aethylla prevailed upon the other women to
manders of the squadron sent out to assist the set fire to the ships. Protesilaus, accordingly, was
Corcyraealls in their contest with the Corinthians. obliged to remain there, and built the town of
Again, in the first year of the Peloponnesian war Scione.
(B. C. 431), Proteas was one of the three com- Iis tomb was shown near Eleus, in the Thracian
manders of the fleet of 100 ships, sent round Pelo- Chersonesus (Strab. xiii. p. 595; Paus. i. 34. ~ 2;
ponnesus (Thuc. i. 45, ii. 23). Tzetz. ad Lye. 532). There was a belief that
2. A Macedonian officer, the son of Andronicus. nymphs had planted elm-trees around his grave,
Hie was employed by Antipater in collecting a and that those of their branches which grew on
squadron with which to defend the islands and the Trojan side were sooner green than the others,
coasts of Greece against the Phoenicians and others but that at the same time the foliage faded and
in the service of Persia, and succeeded in capturing, died earlier (Philostr. ITer. ii. 1); or it was said
at Siphnus, 8 out of a squadron of 10 ships, with that the trees, when they had grown so high as to
which Datames was there stationed. (Arrian, Anab. see Troy, died away, and that fresh shoots then
ii. 2. ~ 7- 1.) sprang from their roots (Plin. H. A. xvi. 99; Anthol.
3. Son of Lanice, the nurse of Alexander the Palat. vii. 141, 385). A magnificent temple was
Great. [LANICE.] erected to Protesilaus at Eleus, and a sanctuary, at
4. Grandson of the former, and, like him, noto- which funeral games were celebrated, existed in
rious for his propensity to drinking. (Athen. iv. Phylace (Herod. vii. 33, 116, 120; Paus. iii. 4. ~
l). 129. a.; Photius, Cod. 190. p. 148. a., ed. 5; Pind. Isthmc. i. 83, with the Schol.). ProtesiBekker.) [C. P. M.] laus himself was represented in the Lesche at
PROTESILA'US (rIpwresotAaos), a son of Iphi- Delphi. (Paus. x. 30. ~ 1.) [L. S.]
clus and Astyoche, and accordingly a brother of PROTEUS (IpwrEUds), the prophetic old man
Podarces, belonged to Phylace in Thessaly, whence of the sea (daXios yEpwv), occurs in the earliest
he is called'vlAdcLos (Lucian, Dial. Alfort. 23. 1; legends as a subject of Poseidon, and is described
Hom. Ii. ii. 705; Eustath. ad Homn. p. 323), as seeing through the whole depth of the sea, and
though this name may also be traced to his being tending the flocks (the seals) of Poseidon (Hom.
a grandson of the Aeolid Phylacus. He led the Od. iv. 365, 385, 400; Virg. Georg. iv. 392;
warriors of several Thessalian places against Troy, Theocr. ii. 58; Horat. Carm. i. 2. 7; Philostr.
and was the first of all the Greeks that was killed Icon. ii. 17). He resided in the island of Pharos,
by the Trojans, for he was the first who leaped at the distance of one day's journey from the river
from the ships upon the Trojan coast (Hom. 11. ii. Aegyptus (Nile), whence he is also called the
695, &c. xiii. 681, xv. 705; Philostr. Her. ii. 15). Egyptian (Hom. Od. iv. 355, 385). Virgil, howAccording to the common tradition Protesilauswas ever, instead of Pharos, mentions the island of
slain by Hector (Lucian, 1. c.; Tzetz. ad Lye. 245, Carpathos, between Crete and Rhodes (Georg. iv.
528, 530; HyVgin. Fab. 103; Ov. AIet. xii. 67), 387; comp. Heon. 1l. ii. 676), whereas, according to
but, according to others, he fell by the hands of the same poet, Proteus was born in Thessaly (GeoLr.
Achates (Eustath. ad Horn. p. 326), of Aeneas iv. 390, comp. Aen. xi. 262). His life is described
(Dict. Cret. ii. 11), or of Euphorbos (Eustath. 1. c. as follows. At midday he rises from the flood, and
p. 325). Protesilaus is most celebrated in ancient sleeps in the shadow of the rocks of the coast, and
story for the strong affection and fidelity existing around him lie the monsters of the deep (Horn. Od.