A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PROCLUS. PROCLUS. 533
apparently his brother, he inherited the dominion whom a sect of heretics were called Procliani, who
of Eliserne and Teuthrania, in Asia Minor. He were deemed bad enough to require rebaptizing
was among the Greeks who accompanied the if they returned to the church (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
younger Cyrus in his expedition against his bro- ix. p. 366.).
ther, and is mentioned more than once by Xeno- 5. A native of Naucratis in Egypt. He was a
phon (Anab. ii. 1. ~ 3, 2. ~ 1, 7, 8, 10.). He man of distinction in his native city, but in consereturned safe home; for at the time of the ex- quence of the civil commotions there removed, while
pedition of Thimbron into Asia Minor (B. c. 399) still young, to Athens. There he placed himself
he and Eurysthenes were still governing their under the instructions of Adrianus, and afterwards
little principality, and readily attached themselves himself taught eloquence, and had Philostratus as
to the Lacedaemonian commander. (Xen. Hellen. one of his pupils. He possessed several houses in
iii. 1. ~ 6.) [C. P. M.] and near Athens, and imported considerable quanPROCLES, a distinguished Greek medallist, tities of merchandise from Egypt, which he diswhose name appears on the coins of Naxos and of posed of wholesale to the ordinary vendors. After
Catana. The name was first discovered on an ex- the death of his wife and son he took a concubine,
tremely rare coin of Naxos, where it is engraved to whom he entirely surrendered the control of
on the plinth of a statue of Silenus, which forms his household, and in consequence of her misthe reverse of the coin, in characters so fine as to management, reaped considerable discredit. It
require a strong lens to decipher them. There re- was his practice, if any one paid down 100 drachmae
mained, however, a possibility of doubt whether at once, to allow him admission to all his lectures.
the name was that of the engraver of the medal, or He also had a library, of which he allowed his
that of tile maker of the original statue itself. pupils to make use. In the style of his discourses
This doubt has been fully set at rest by the dis- he imitated Hippias and Gorgias. He was recovery of the same name on a splendid medal of markable for the tenacity of his memory, which he
Catana, in the collection of the Duc de Luynes. retained even in extreme old age. (Philostr. Vit.
(R. Rochette, Lettre a M. Sclorn, p. 95, with an Procli, p. 602, &c. ed. Olearius.)
engraving at the head of M. Raoul-Rochette's 6. Surnamed AsciSoxos (the successor), from his
Preface.) [P. S.] being regarded as the genuine successor of Plato
PROCLUS (lp&cAos), historical. 1. Prefect in doctrine, was one of the most celebrated teachof the city under Theodosius the Great. He was ers of the Neoplatonic school. (Marin. c. 10. In
put to death in the tenth year of his reign. An some MSS. he is styled scioxos lIAarcvtSKris.) He
epigram on the pedestal of an obelisk at Constan- was of Lycian origin, the son of Patricius and
tinople records his success in setting the obelisk Marcella, who belonged to the city of Xanthus,
upright. (Antlol. Graec. iv. 17.) A Latin trans- which Proclus himself regarded as his native
lation of the epigram by Hugo Grotius is given by place. According, however, to the distinct stateFabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 368). ment of Marinus (Vit. Procli, c. 6) he was born
2. Surnamed'OvtELPOKPiTrs, according to some at Byzantium, on the 8th of February, A. D. 412,
authorities (Theophanes, p. 140; Cedrenus, p. as is clear from the data furnished by his horo298), predicted the death of the emperor Anasta- scope, which Marinus has preserved. The earlier
sius. It appears to be this Proclus of whom period of his life was spent at Xanthus. When
Zonaras (Annal. xiv. p. 55) relates that he set on still very young, he was distinguished by his refire the fleet of Vitalianus, who was in arms against markable eagerness for study, to which Marinus
Anastasius, by means of mirrors. Other accounts believes hin to have been urged by Athena her(Chron. Joann. Malalae, vol. ii. p. 126) say that it self, who appeared to him in a vision. Such
was by means, not of mirrors, but of sulphur, that watchful care, indeed, did the gods, according to
he effected this. This story has sometimes been that writer, take of Proclus, that he was pretererroneously referred to Proclus Diadochus (Fabric. naturally cured of a dangerous malady in his
Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 370). [C. P. M.] youth by Apollo, who appeared in his own person
PROCLUS (poJKcAos), literary. 1. EUTYCHIUS for the purpose. Statements like this indicate
PROCLUS, a grammarian who flourished in the 2nd how large an abatement must be made in the excentury, born at Sicca in Africa. He was the in- travagant account which Marinus gives of the
structor of M. Antoninus (Jul. Capit. Vit. Ant. precocity and progress of Proclus. From Xanthus
c. 2.). It is probably this Proclus who is men- he removed, awhile still young, to Alexandria,
tioned by Trebellius Pollio (Aemil. Tyr.) as the where his studies were conducted chiefly under
most learned grammarian of his age. lie was the guidance of the rhetorician Leonas, who recreated consul by Antoninus (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. ceived him into his family, and treated him as
vol. ix. p. 365). though he had been his own son. Through him
2. Or PROCULMEUs, son of Themison, held the Proclus was introduced to the leading men and
office of hierophant at Laodiceia in Syria. He wrote, the most distinguished scholars of Alexandria,
according to Suidas, the following works: —. EOo- whose friendship he speedily secured by his abiliAoya. 2. Els ),v 7rap''Ho'o -'ls fIavoSpas IuOOov. ties, character, and manners. He studied grammar
3. Els rT XpvO' fard7. 4. Eils'rv NKcoaiXOUv under Orion. [ORION.] He also applied himself
iaaWycyC)v Tvs dplsOl,7rucis, and some geometrical to learn the Latin language, purposing, after the
treatises. example of his father, to devote himself to the
3. Surnamed MaAAXXrTs, a Stoic philosopher, a study of jurisprudence. Leonas having occasion
native of Cilicia. He was, according to Suidas to make a journey to Byzantium, took young
(s. a.), the author of v7roJ'v7 a ru' TZv AIOysvovs 0o- Proclus with him, who eagerly embraced the op(peLOdaws', and a treatise against the Epicureans. portunity of continuing his studies. On his return
It is probably this Proclus who is mentioned by to Alexandria, Proclus abandoned rhetoric and
Proclus Diadochus (in Tim. p. 166). law for the study of philosophy, in which his in4. Or PROCULvS, a follower of Montanus, from structor was Olympiodorus. He also learnt maMM3