A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PORP1IY RI IS. PORPHYRIUS. 501
Grace. vol. v. p. 748, &c), has3 con:piled a list of of' virtue and self-restraint, and the study of philoabout 250 authors quoted by him in those portions sophy. The sentiments are a little obscure here
of his writings which we still possess. A great and there, but many of the maxims and remarks
degree of critical and philosophical acumlen was not exhibit great wisdom, and a considerable depth of
to be expected in one so ardently attached to the very pure religious feeling. He considers -sorrow
enthusiastic and somewhat fanatical systeum of to be a more wholesomne discipline for the mind than
Plotinus. Ilis attempt to prove the identity of pleasures (c. 7). With great energy and some
the Platonic and Aristotelic systemls would alone eloquence he urges the cultivation of the soul and
be sufficient to show this. Nevertheless, his the practice of virtue, in preferenice to attention to
acquaintance with the authors whom he quotes the body. Ilis views of the Deity, of his operations,
was manifestly fuir from superficial; but his judg- and the right mode of contemplating and worshipmlent in using the stores of learniIlg which lie ping him, are of a very exalted kind, some remilldpossessed was but small. Cyril (Adv. Jul. vi. init.) inlg the reader strongly of passage3 in the Scriptures.
quotes a passage from his history of philosophers, The laws under which nian is placed lie distin.from which it appears that his account of Socrates guishes into natural, civil, and divine, and marks
was a mere farrago of the most absurd and calum- out their respective provinces with considerable
nious stories respecting that philosopher. Indeed, beauty anid clearness. 18. A poetical fragment,
his object would seem to have oeen to imagnify from the tenth book of a work entitled rIpi -iies Ec
Pythagoras at the expense of every other philo- Aoy.cel' Ltr\olPias, is published at the end of
sopher. Though far less confused and unintelli- the preceding work. 19. An introduction to tile
gible than Plotinus, his statements of his own Tetrabiblos of Ptolenlaeus is also attributed by
metaphysical views are often far from comprehen- some to Porphyrlils, by others to Antiochus. The
sible. (See especially his Ipo's xTa,7o-rT wOPpasi. ) irirertU O 3ty77ult1S elS Tas KaO''O,UIpov rTAmvas
Of the very numerous iwritings of Porphvrius roV'O oaE(Tes, the production of Nicephorus
the following are extant: — 1. IvOaydopou 3Los; Gregoras, has also been attributed by some to
supposed by many to be a fragment of his latrger Porphyrius.
history.of philosophers. 2. I1ep nlAcrTov ou BoU Besides these we have mention of the following
Kal T'rS T'r&ewoS TS-o $LAloWV aTroV. [PLOTINUS]. lost works of Porphyrius: - 20. rIe; day'aApaToo
3. rekp dairoXas vrcW^YV 4,VXwov, in four books, dedi- (Euseb. P'racp. Ev. iii. 7; Stob. Lce. lmhys. i. 25).
cated to his fiieild and fellow-disciple Firmus 21. Hlepl dvC5ioUv vx) (August. de CiLv. Dei, x.
Castricius. 4. Fragments of his epistle Ilpos 910, &c.). 22. lepi lTO gfav eLVam Tr)V IhAalTWYooo'AveCO TO'r Aiyivr'o'v. Large quotations from this tmal'Apl0oror'Aovs a'ipeU'V. (Salid. s. v. ifopp.)
work are made by Eusebius in his Praeparutio 23. A comnmentary oil Aristotle's treatise ieFl1
E]raJnqfelica. 5. lpos Ta VOrlTa' doqop/tat. 6. O0q1- Eptn1qmeLas. (Boethius, in loc. ii.). 24. nIpo'
pfms Tq7irau'aTa addressed to Anatolius. 7. lIep1'Ap.-rToTE-Aq,, 7re;l TOV s eaat? ~UXvY,V e'T-eAEtoo eV'Ouoeoi'a ecvs Numupclv dmrpov, a fanciful Xetav (Suid.). 25.'E'-y-qrlts'rcv l a-qisyopco/,
allegorical interpretation of the description of the dedicated to Gedalius. (lEustath. ad I1. iii. p. 293.)
cave of the nymphs il the Odyssey, showing both 21. Ilep1 dpXcmv. (Suid.) 27. rfepi dawpd-rwov.
the ingenuity and the recklessness with which Por- (Suid.) 28. rIEsp TOOv yVo0Z reaTrov. (Suid.)
phyrius and other writers of his stamp pressed 29. rpael.uaTpical dropiat. (Suid.) 30. A reply
writers and authorities of all kinds into their ser- to the Apology for Alcibiades in the Symposium
vice, as holders of the doctrines of their school. of Plato, by Diophanes (Porph. Vit. Plot. 15).
8. A fragment from a treatise lIepl 2TUYrv'S, pre- 31.'E7rrypda/Ya'ra. (Eustath.) 32. rIepi TOg &'
served by Stobaeus. 9. Eioraymoy ), or fIIep1 rmTm 7?vV, dedicated to Chrysaoritls. (Stob. Eel.) 33.
7rer'Te r(pwe), addressed to Chrysaorius, and written A treatise against a spurious work attributed
by Porphyrius while in Sicily. It is commonly to Zoroaster (Porph. Vit. Plot. 1G6). 34. rlep
prefixed to the Organoll of Aristotle. 10. A Com- SeiEfv oVm'roArwo. (Suid.) 35. El's 7o 0eocpci'rf'ov
mentary on the Categories of Aristotle, in questions 7,rEl KaTra0poeWos fcel d-ropsaew%. (Boethius in
and answers. 11. Some fragments of a Commen- Arist. de Interpr.) 36. El's To ~ovivcilov 7rpotary on Aristotle's books flep1 opvuKcs arcpodr0Eos. oluoov, 7rpios'ApiorTijoV. (Suid.) 37. HEP1 iselzv,
12. A Commentary on the Harmonica of Ptole- 7rpos Aoyy7yoe. (Porph. }:it. Plot. 20.) 38.'0
maeus, leaving off at the seventh chapter of the iteps Iya,uos, a poem composed for the birth-day
second book. 13. rIspl rpooq,3ias (see Villoisoll, of Plato. (Ibid. 15.) 39. Els 7-'v 701o'IovAnecd. Graeca, vol. ii. p. 108 —118). 14. Schlolia Mlavo XaA8aiov qiAcodoov laTroplav. (Suiid.)
oil the Iliad, preserved at Leyden, among the books 40. El's r7v Mwovwnavov T'EXVryv. (Suid.) 41.'O0
and papers of Is. Vossius. A portion of them was -rpbs N7ui.'PToY AO'yos. (Cyrill. c. Julianz. iii. p.
published by Valckenaer, in an appendix to Ursi- 79, &c.) It appears to have been a treatise oil the
nus's Virgil, with a copious account of the scholia providence oe God. 42.'"OTL E'To voi l'o d) tidoT'7ce
generally. Other scholiaon tile Iliad, preservedin ri o ro7mYa. (Porphl. Fit. Plot. 18.) 43. lepl vT7s
the Vatican library, were published by Villoison'Opnpou qmiXoaoepLas. (Suid.) 44. fricpl -s T
(Anecd. Gr. ii. p. 266, &c.), and in his edition of'OIgpov orEsAexias TSWO /3aEciAleow, inl tenl books.
the Iliad. 15. Portions of a Commentary, appa- (Suid.) 45. Ilepl 7rapaAeXetsJEu oro T, 7Tro177Tr7
renItly on the Ethics of Aristotle, and of one onl the dovota'ro. This and the two preceding were, proOrganon. 16. Two books on the philosophy of bably, only palrts of a larger work. 46. IlEpil Tsv
Plato were affirmed to be extant by Gesner. 17. ecaard fIlvapos Tvo NeiAoUv a7rsyov. (Suid.) 47.
An epistle to his wife Marcella. This piece was Commentmaries on several of the works of Plotimnus.
discovered by Angelo Mai, in the Ambrosian library, (Eunap. Vit. Porph.) 48. Els TOvy 20LTr71, TeoO
and published at Milan, in 1816. The letter is liAa-Tw0ss. (Boethiius, tle l)ivis. Praef.) 49. v'6not quite complete, as the end of the MS. is mu- LcKT'a Tyr 7,aT-ra, in seven books. (Suid.) 50. Tel
tilated. The contenlts of it are of a general philo- Eis 7d5, T'paoaiov n'rol.u?'araa, a commentary on the
sophical character, designed to incite to the practice Timaeus of Plato. (Macrob. in Somnn. Scip. ii. 3;
i K 3