A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

462 POLYGNOTUS. POLYGNOT US.
statuaries in bronze who made athletas et armalos tophon; and there was, very probably, a younger
et venatores sacrificantesque. (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. Aglaophon, the son of Aristopllon, who was con19. ~ 34.) [P. S.] temporary with Alcibiades; so that we have the
POLYEIDES (Hlo;vs8rls), a Greek physician following genealogy:who must have lived in or before the first century Aglaophon.
after Christ, as he is quoted by Celsus* (De Med.
v. 20. ~ 2, 26. ~ 23, vi. 7. ~ 3, pp. 91, 100,
127) and Andromachus (ap. Gal. De Compos. Me-
dicam. sec. Gen. v. 12, vol. xiii. p. 834). He ap- Polygnotus Aristophon.
pears to have written a pharmaceutical work, as Aglaopon, abot. c. 415.
his medical formulae are several times referred to
by Galen (De Methl. Med. v. 6, vi. 3, vol. x. pp. (Harpocr., Suid., Phot. s. J. IIoeA-yvce-eos; Plat.
330, 405, Ad Glauc. de iVetIl. Med. ii. 3, 11, vol. Gorg. p. 448, b., and Schol.; Theophrast. ap. Plin.
xi. pp. 87, 137, De Simplic. Miedicam. Temper. ac H. N. vii. 56. s. 57; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 9. s. 35,
Facult. x. 2. ~ 13, vol. xii. p. 276, De Compos. 36. ~ 1; Quintil. xii. 10. ~ 3; Dio Chrysost.
Medicam. sec. Gen. iii. 3, vol. xiii. p. 613), Caelius Orat. lv. p. 558, b.; Simon. Ep. 76. s. 82, ap.
Aurelianus (De Morb. Acut. iii. 3, 5, pp. 186, Brunck. Anal. vol. i. p. 142, Anth. Pal. ix. 700;
198), Paulus Aegineta (iv. 25, vii. 12, pp. 514, AGLAOPHON; ARISTrOPHON; Sillig, Cat. Art. s.
663), Aetius (iii. 1. 48, iv. 2. 50, 58, iv. 4. 64, pp. vv. Aglaophon, Aristop/lon, Polyqnolus.)
504, 715, 725, 809), Oribasits (Ad Eunap. iv. With respect to the time at which Polygnotus
128, p. 674), and Nicolaus Myrepsus (De Compos. lived, Pliny only states indefinitely, that he flouMedicamn. xli. 44, p. 788). [W. A. G.] rished before the 90th Olympiad, B. c. 420, which
POLYEIDUS, artist. [POLY'DUS ] is with Pliny an era in the history of the art (Plin.
POLYEUCTUS (rIoX'evsKros). 1. An Athe- 1-1. A xxxv. 9. s. 35: from the context of this
nian orator, delivered the speech against Socrates passage it would follow that Polygnotus lived after
at his trial, which, however, was composed by Panaenus, which is certainly incorrect). A much
some one else (Diog. Laert. ii. 38). Antiphon more definite indication of his time is obtained
wrote a speech against this Polyeuctus. (Bekker, from the statements of Plutarch (Cim. 4) respecting
Anecd. Gr. vol. i. p. 82.) the intimacy of Polygnotus with Cimon and his
2. An Athenian orator of the demus Sphettus, sister Elpinice, which, taken in connection with
was a political friend of Demosthenes, with whom the fact of Cimon's subjugation of Thasos, renders
he worked in resisting the Macedonian party and almost certain the opinion of Miiller (de Phidiae
in urging the people to make war against Philip. Vita, p. 7), that Polygnotus accompanied Cinlon
Hence we find him accused along with Demosthenes to Athens on that general's return from the expeof receiving bribes from Harpalus (Dinarch. c. Dem. dition against Thasos, which is in itself one of those
p. 129). Polyeuctus was very corpulent, at which happy conjectures that almost carry conviction
his adversary Phocion made himself merry (Plut. with them, even when sustained by far less direct
Phoc. 9), and his love of luxury was attacked by evidence than we possess in this case.* Accordthe comic poet Anaxandrides (Athen. iv. p. 166, d.).
The orations of Polyeuctus are referred to by Aris- * The objection against this view, derived from
totle (Rhet. iii. 10. ~ 7) and Diogenes Lairtius (vi. a story told about Elpinice, would scarcely deserve
23); and a fragment of his oration against De- attention, were it not for the importance which has
mades is preserved by Apsines (Rhet. p. 708, ed. been attached to it by such critics as Lessing, B6tAld.). For further particulars see Dem. P/hilipp. tiger, and others of less note. Polygnotus, we are
iii. p. 129; Plut. Dem. 10, Phoc. 5, Vitae X. Orat. told, fell in love with Cimon's sister, Elpinice, and
pp. 841, e., 844, f, 846, c., Polit. Praec. p. 803, placed her portrait among the Trojan women, ill
e.; and among modern writers, Ruhnken, Hist. his picture in the Poecile (Plut. Cim. 4). Now,
Critica Oralt. Graec. pp. 80, 81; Westermann, not only does it appear that Elpinice must at this
Gesch. d. Griech. Beredtsamkeit, ~ 53, n. 5, 6. time have been nearly forty years old (not, cerPOLYEUCTUS (loheAvcKroT), an Athenian tainly, a very formidable objection in itself), but
statuary, who made the statue of Demosthenes it is also related that, only two years later (B. c.
which the Athenians set up in the Agora, after the 461), Pericles answered an appeal which Elpinice
orator's death. (Pseudo-Plut. Vit. X. Orat. p. made to him on behalf of her brother Cimon, by
847, a.) [P. S.] calling her an old woiman l (Plut. Cim. 14, Per.
POLYGNO'TUS (IloXvcvwros), one of the 10.) The whole story is suspicious, for Plutarch
most celebrated Greek painters, was a native of the tells it again as having happened twenty-two years
island of Thasos, and was honoured with the citi- later, when, certainly, the appellation would be far
zenship of Athens, on which account he is some- more appropriate (Per. 28). But, even if the story
times called an Athenian. He belonged to a family were true, it is absurd to take the sarcasom of Peof artists, who had their origin in Thasos, but came ricles as an actual fctt, and to rest upon it the
to Athens, and there practised their art. They argument that Polygnotus must have been in love
probably derived their art, like most of the painters with Elpinice when she was younger, and therein the islands of the Aegean, from the Ionian fore must have flourished at an earlier period than
school. His father, Aglaophon, was also his in- that at which all other indications, direct and instructor in his art; he had a brother, named Aris- direct, lead us to place him. Besides, Plutarch
only mentions the story of his love for Elpinice as a
~ In some editions of Celsus he is called Poly- rumnour, and he even hints that it was a malicious
bus, or Polybius; but upon comparison of these rumour. The known connection of Polygnotus
passages with the other authors who mention him, with Cimon is quite enough to account for his
it appears most probable that the true reading is honouring his patron's sister with a place in one of
Polyides. his great paintings.