A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

POLYCARPIUS. POLYCHARMAUS. 453,lementica- [CLEMENS, ROMANUS], 4to. 1546; Credibility, pt. ii. b. i. c. 6, &c.; Gallandius, Biblioat Cologne, with the Latin version of the writings theca Patrum, proleg. ad vol. i. c. ix.; Jacobson,
of the pseudo-Dionysius, 1557; and with the Ic. proleg. pp. 1. &c. lxx.)
Clementinca and the Latin version of the Epistolae The Tris:u/pvaoowv 6Kvcathoias'repl.uapruvptov
of Ignatius, fol. A. D. 1569. It appeared also in To0 datyov rloAvKawenrov e7rLoTOA7o) EYKUKAuKos is
the following collections: the Micropresbyticon, almost entirely incorporated in the Historia EccleBasel, 1550; the Orthodoxographea of Heroldus, siastica of Eusebius (iv. 15); it is also extant in
Basel, 1555; in the Or/ohdoxographa of Grynnacus, its original form, in which it was first published by
Basel, 1569; in the Mella Patrumn of Francis Archbishop Usher, in his Appendix Iynatiana, 4t,.
Rous, 8vo. London, 1650; and in the various London, 1647; and was reprinted in the Actda
editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum, from its first Martyrum Sincera et Selela of Ruinart, 4to. Paris,
publication by De la Bigne, A. D. 1575. The 1689, and in the Patres Apostolici of Cotelerius, vol.
Greek text was first published by Halloix, sub- ii. fol. Paris, 1672, Antwerp (or rather Amsterjoined to the life of Polycarp, in his Illustriunm dam), 1698, and Amsterdam, 1724; it was alsi
Ecclesiae Orientalis Scriptorum Vitae et Documenta, reprinted by Maderus, in his edition of the Epistola
vol. i. fol. Douai, 1633; and was again published Polycarpi, already mentioned; by Ittigius, in his
by Usher, with the Epistolae of Ignatius, 4to. Ox- Bibliotheca Patrum Apostolicorum, 8vo. Leipzig,
ford, 1644, not in the Appendix Ignatiana (which 1699; by Smith, in his edition of the Epistolae
came out in 1647) as incorrectly stated by Fabri- of Ignatius (reprinted at Basel, by Frey, 8vo.
cius; by Maderus, 4to. Helmstadt, 1653; and in 1742); by Russel, in his Patres Apostolici, vol. ij.
the Patres Apostolici of Cotelerius, 2 vols. fol. 8vo. London, 1746; by Gallandius, in his BiblioParis, 1672; and Amsterdam, 1724; of Ittigius, theca Patrumnz vol. i. fol. Venice, 1765; and by
8vo. Leipzig, 1699; of Frey, Basel, 1742, and Jacobson, in his Patrumn Apostolicorum quae superof Russel, 2 vols. 8vo. 1746. It is contained sunt, vol. ii. 8vo. Oxford, 1838. There is an
also in the editions of Ignatius, by Aldrich, 8vo. ancient Latin version, which is given with the
Oxon. 1708, and Smith, 4to. Oxon. 1709. It Greek text by Usher; and there are modern Latin
is contained also in the Varia Sacra of Le versions given by other editors of the Greek text,
Moyne, vol. i. 4to. Leyden, 1685; and in the or in the Acta Sanctorum Januarii (ad d. xxvi.)
Bibliotheca Patrum. of Galland, vol. i. fol. Venice, vol. ii. p. 702, &c. There are English versions by
1765. Of more recent editions may be mentioned Archbishop Wake, 8vo. London, 1693 (often rethose of Hornemann, Scripta Genuina Graeca Pa- printed); and lately revised by Chevallier, 8vo.
truam Apostolicorumn, 4to. Copenhagen, 1828; Cambridge, 1833; and by Dalrymple, in his lIeRouth, Scriptorum Ecclesiasticoruln, Opuscula Prae- mains of'Christian Antiquity, 8vo. Edinburgh, 1776.
cipua quaedam, vol. i. 8vo. Oxford, 1832; Jacob- (Cave, 1. c. p. 65; Fabric. I. c. p. 51; Lardner, 1. c.
son, Patrum Apostolicorumn quae supersunt, vol. ii. c. 7; Ceillier, 1.. p. 695; Ittigius, Galland, and
8ivo. Oxford, 1838; and Hafele, Patrum Apostoli- Jacobson, Il. cc.) [J. C. M. I
corum Opera, 8vo. Tubingen, 1839. There are POLYCASTE (IloAvKdaTrT). 1. A daughter,English versions of this Epistle by Wake and of Nestor and Anaxibia (Hom. Od. iii. 464;
Clementson [IGNATIUS, No. 1], and one in Cave's Apollod. i. 9. ~ 9), became by Telemachus the
Apostolici, or Lives of the Primitive Fathers. mother of Perseptolis. (Eustath. ad Ilonz. I. c.)
That Polycarp wrote other Epistolae is attested 2. A daughter of Lygaeus, was married to
by Irenaeus (Epistol. ad Florin.): one flpos'AOsi- Icarius, by whom she became the mother of
ialovs, Ad Athenienses, is quoted by St. Maximus Penelope. (Strab. x. p. 461.) [L. S.]
in his Prologyus ad Libros Dionysii Areopayitae POLY'CHARES (I'oAvXadp7s), a Messenian,
[MAXIMUS CONFESSOR], and by Joannes Maxen- and the conqueror in the 4th Olympiad (B. c.
tins [MAXENTIUS, JOANNES], but is supposed to he 7641), is celebrated as the immediate cause of thile
spurious; atany rate it is now lost: another, lpo's first Messenian war, B. C. 743. Having been
ALovu'sov 7sov'Apeosra-y/rrv, Ad Dionysium Areo- wronged by the Lacedaemonian Euaephnus, he
pagitam, mentioned by Suidas (s. v. IovArKap7ros), is took revenge by aggressions upon other Lacedaesupposed to be spurious also. The life of Polycarp, monians; and as the Messenians would not deliver
ascribed to Pionius, states that he wrote various him up to the Spartans, war was eventually deTractatus, Homziliae, and _Epistolae, and especially a clared by the latter against Messenia. (Paus. iv. 4.
book De Obitu S. Joannis; of which, according to ~ 5, &c.)
Halloix (I. c.), some extracts from a MS. said to be POLYCHARMUS (IloAvh apguos), wrote a
extant in an abbey in Northern Italy, had been given work upon Lycia (AvciaKad), which is referred to
in a Concio de S. Joanne Evangelista by Franciscus by Athenaeus (viii. p. 333, d.), and Stephanus
Humblot; but even Halloix evidenitly doubted their Byzantinus (s. vv.'IAapls,:oipa, 4ePXdos). It is
genuineness. Some fragments ascribed to Polycarp, doubtful whether he is the same as the Polycharcited, in a Latin version, in a Catena in Quatuor mus of Naucratis, who wrote a work on Aphrodite
Ei'vangelistas by Victor of Capua, were published (Ilepl'Appo31sols), from which Athenaeus makes
by Franciscus Feuardentius subjoined to Lib. iii. c. an extract (pp. 675, f —676, c.).
3, of hisAnnotationes ad Irenaeum, and were subse- POLYCItARMUS (IoAvh ap1uos), a sculptor,
quently reprinted by Halloix (l.c.), Usher (Appendix two of whose works stood in Pliny's time in the
Ignatiana, p. 31, &c.), Maderus (I. c.), Cotelerius portico of Octavia at Rome (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. s.
(I. c.), Ittigius (I. c.), and Galland (1. c.), under the 4. ~ 10). One of these works was Venus washiing
title of Fragyaenta Quinque e Responsionum Capitia- herself; but what the other was is doubtful, on
lis S. Polycarpo adscriptis: but their genuineness is account of the corrupt state of the passage in Pliny.
very doubtful. (Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 108, vol. i. As it stands in the common editions, it is, Venep. 44, &c. fol. Oxon. 1740; Ittigius, De Biblioth. rem lavantem sese, Daedalum stantem Polycharernus,
Patrum, passim; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. which is the reading of the inferior MSS., and
p. 47, &ic.; Ceillier, Auteurs Sacr's, I. c.; Lardner, seems to be only a conjectural emendation of the
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