A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

POLYBUS. POLYBUS. 449
by Seybold, Lemgo, 1779-1783, 4 vols. 8vo.; ~ 7.) Pausanias (ii. 6. ~ 3), makes him king of
and the English by Hampton, 1772, 2 vols. 4to.: Sicyon, and describes him as a son of Hermes and
tile latter is upon the whole a faithful version, and Chthonophyle, and as the father of Lysianassa,
we have availed ourselves of it in the quotations whom he gave in marriage to Talaus, king of tile
which we have made above. Argives. (Comp. OEDIPUS.)
Livy did not use Polybius till he came to the 6. The father of Glaucus by Euboea. (Athen.
second Punic war, but from that time he followed vii. p. 296.) [L. S.]
him very closely, and his history of the events POILYBUS* (no'IAvos), one of the pupils of
after the termination of that war appears to be Hippocrates, who was also his son-in-law, and
little more than a translation of his Greek prede- lived in the island of Cos, in the fourth cencessor. Cicero likewise seems to have chiefly fol- tury B. c. Nothing is known of the events of
lowed Polybius in the account which he gives of his life, except that, with his brothers-in-law,
the Ronman constitution in his De Republica. The Thessalus and Dracon, he was one of the foundhistory of Polybius was continued by Poseidonius ers of the ancient medical sect of the dogand Strabo. [PRosEDlONIUS; STRABO.] matici); that he was sent abroad by Hippocrates,
Besides the great historical work of which we with his fellow-pupils, during the time of the
have been speaking, Polybius wrote, 2. T'h/e Life plague, to assist different cities with his medical
of Philopoemen in three books, to which he himself skill (Thessal. Orat. p. 843), and that he afterrefers (x. 24). 3. A treatise on Tactics'(rd 7repl wards remained in his native country (Galen,
Trs TcaiELS v7rovirjya~ra), which he also quotes Comment. in Hippocr. " De Nat. Hona." i. praef.
(ix. 20), and to which Arrian (Tactic. init.) and vol. xv. p. 12). According to Galen (1. c.), he
Aelian (lactic. cc. 1, 3) allude; 4. A Ilistory of followed implicitly the opinions and mode of practh/e NAumantine War, according to the statement of tice of Hippocrates; but the strict accuracy of this
Cicero (ad Farn. v. 12); and 5, a small treatise assertion has been doubted. He has been supl)e rHabitatione sub Aequatore (7repl Tj's 7repl T3o posed, both by ancient and modern critics, to be
IovToLepLviv o01ceKscus), quoted by Geminus (c. 13, the author of several treatises in the Hippocratic
in Petavius, Uranolf;qium, vol. iii. p. 31, &c.), but collection. Choulant (Handb. der Biicherkunde f iir
it is not improbable that this formed part of the die Aeltere Tledicin) specifies the following:-].
34th book of the History, which was entirely de- Ilepti 4v'eos'AvOpoc7rou, De Natura Ilominis;
voted to geography. 2. iepl ro'77s, De Genitura; 3. Ilepi Puhanos natThe reader will find some valuable information Uiov, De Natura Pueri; 4. rIep AZtas7S'TyLe-Yl,,
respecting the character of Polybits as an historian De Salubri Viclus Ratione; 5. frIep nalOv, De
in the following works;-Lucas, Ueber Polybius Dar- Affectionibus; and 6. nepl TrY'Evto's flaOCvY, De Instellulg des Aetolischen Bundes, Konigsberg, 1827; ternis Af.fectionaibs: Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom.
Merleker, Die Geschichte des Aetolisch-.4chaeischen vi. p. 290) attributes to him the treatise, nlepi
Bundesgenossen-Krieyes, Ktinigsberg, 1831; K.'OxcTasivou, De Octinzestri Partu; and Plutarch
W. Nitzsch, Polybius: zur Geschichte antiker (De Philosoph. Plat. v. 18) quotes him as the author
Politik und Historiographie, Kiel, 1842; Brands- of that IIepi'E7rrau'uov, De Septimestri Partu. Of
tiiter, Die Geschic/lten des Aetolischen Landes, these, however, M. Littrl (Oeuvres d'Hippocr. vol.
Volkes und Bundes, nebst einer hlistoriographischen i. p. 345, &c.) considers that only the first, and
A bhandlung ueber Polybiuts, Berlin, 1844. perhaps the fourth, are to be attributed to Polybus
2. Of SARDIS, a Greek grammarian of unknown [HIPPOCRATES, p. 487], although Galen says that
date, some of whose works have been printed by the treatise De Natura Hominis was the work of
Iriarte (Catal. Cod. MSS. Biblioth. Matrit. vol. i. Hippocrates himself (Comment. in Hippocr. "De
pp. I17: &c., 379, &c.) and Walz (Rhetores Graci, Nat. Hom." i. praef. vol. xv. pp. 11, 12). Polvbus
vol. viii.). is several times mentioned by Galen, chiefly in
POLYBOEA- (Fouv'oma), the name of two connection with different works in the Hippocratic
mythical personages, one a sister of Hiacynthus Collection (De Foet. Format. -c. 1. vol. iv. p. 653,
(Paus. iii. 19. ~ 4), and the other the wife of Actor. De Hippocr. et Ilat. Decr. vi. 3, vol. v. p. 529, De
(Eustath. ad Host. p. 321.) [L. S.] Digfc. Re.pir. iii. 1, 13, vol. vii. pp. 891, 960, ConzPOLYBO'TES (rIo.v6u&clms), a giant, who in ment. in Hippocr. "De Nat. Horn." ii. 19, vol. xv.
the contest between the gods and giants was pur- p. 164, Comment. in Hippocr. " De Sal. Vict. Raet."
sued by Poseidon across the sea as far as the praef. and c. 33, vol. xv. pp. 175, 223, Comment.
island of Cos. There Poseidon tore away a part in Hippocr. " De Humor." i. praef. vol. xvi. p. 3,
of the island, which was afterwards called Nisy- Comment. in Hippocr. " Aphor." vi. 1, vol. xviii. pt.
rion, and throwing it upon the giant buried him i. p. 8): his name also occurs in Celsus (De M3ed.
under it. (Apollod. i. 6. ~ 2; Pans. i. 2. ~ 4; v. 20. ~ 2, 26. ~ 23, vi. 7. ~ 3, pp. 91, 100, 127),
Strab. x. p. 489.) [L. S.] Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb. Aczlt. iii. 9, 15, pp.
PO'LYBUS (TIo'Aveos.) 1. A Trojan, a son 218, 227), and Pliny (H.,V. xxxi. in fine). A
of Antenor, mentioned in the Iliad. (xi. 59.) collection of the treatises attributed to Polybus was
2. An Ithacan, father of the suitor Eurymachus, published in a Latin translation, 1544, 4to. Basil.,
was slain by the swine-herd Eumaeus. (Hom. Od. per J. Oporinum; and in Italian by P. Lauro, 1545,
i. 399, xxii. 284.) 4to. Venice. A Latin translation of the treatise De
3. The son of Alcandra, at Thebes in Egypt; Salubri Victus Ratione, was published in a separate
he was connected with Menelaus by ties of hos- form by J. Placotomus (Bretschneider), 1561, 121no.
pitality. (Hom. Od. iv. 126.) Antwerp, and is to be found appended to the Reyi4. One of the Phaeacians. (olnm. Od. viii.
373.) * In the spurious oration attributed to Thessalus
5. The king of Corinth, by whom Oedipus was (ap. Hippocr. Opera, vol. iii. p. 843), and also ill
brought up. He was the husband of Periboea or some Latin works, he is called Polybius, but thit
Merope. (Soph. Oed. Rew, 770; Apollod. iii 5. is probably a mistake.
VOL. III. G 6