A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

442 POLYAEN US. POLY ARAT US,
3. An Achaean, belonged to the party of script in the king's library at Paris, containing
Archon, Polybius, and the more moderate patriots, only fifty-five chapters, but which serves to elu
who thought that the Achaeans ought not to op- cidate and explain many passages of the original.
pose the Romans in their war against Perseus, Polyaenus also wrote several other works, all
B. c. 171. (Polyb. xxviii. 6. ~ 9.) of which have perished. Suidas has preserved the
4. CLAUDIUS POLYAENUS, probably a freed- titles of two, rlepl Oecyv and Ta'rTlKa trALMa y';
man of the emperor Claudius, bequeathed a house and Stobaeus makes a quotation from a work of
to this emperor at Prusa. (Plin. Ep. x. 23. Polyaenus,'Trirp ToO KOL'Ov6'rTv MaKfoEbo'v
s. 75.) (Florileg. xliii. (or xli.) ~ 53), and from another. 5. Legatus of Bithynia in the time of the entitled'rerp -roD Ivveepiov (Ibid. ~ 41). Polyyounger Pliny. (Plin. Ep. vii. 6. ~ 6.) aenus likewise mentions his intention of writing a
POLYAENUS (loMAaLvos), literary. 1. Of work on the memorable actions ('AtouAv'ty7uoveuva)
ATHENS, an historical writer, mentioned by Euse- of M. Aurelius and L. Verus (Praef. lib. vi.).
bius. kChron. i. p. 25.) Polyaenus was first printed in a Latin trans2. Of LAMPSAcUJs, the son of Athenodorus, a lation, executed by Justus Vulteius, at Basel,
mathematician and a friend of Epicurus, adopted 1549, 8vo. The first edition of the Greek text
the philosophical system of his friend, and, although was published by Casaubon, Lyon, 1589, 12mo.;
he had previously acquired great reputation as a the next by Pancratius Maasvicius, Leyden, 1690,
mathematician, he now maintained with Epicurus 8vo.; the third by Samuel Mursinna, Berlin,
the worthlessness of geometry. (Cic. de Fin. i. 6, 1756, 12mo.; and the last by Coray, Paris, 1809,
Acad. ii. 33; Diog. Lagrt. x. 24, ii. 105, with 8vo. The work has been translated into English
the note of Menagius.) It has been supposed that by R. Shepherd, London, 1793, 4to.; into Gerit was against this Polyaenus that the treatise was man by Seybold, Frankfort, 2 vols- 8vo. 1793 and
written, a fragment of which has been discovered 1794, and by Blume, Stuttgart, 1834, 16mo. (Faat Herculaneum under the title of A.u71'Tptov 7rpio bric. Bibl. Graec. vol. v. p. 321, &c.; Schill,
rdIs IloxvaLvov duiropias. (Scholl, Geschichte d. Geschichte der Griech. Litteratur, vol. ii. p. 716;
Griech. Litteratur, vol. ii. p. 209.) Kronbiegel, De Dictionis Polyaeneae Virtutibus et
3. JULIUS POLYAENUS, the author of four Vitiis, Lipsiae, 1770; Droysen, Geschicle des Helepigrams in the Greek Anthology (ix. 1, 7, 8, 9, lenismus, vol. i. p. 685.)
Tauchnitz), in one of which he is called Polyaenus 5. Of Sardis. [See No. 3.]
of Sardis, and in the other three Julius Polyaenus. POLYANTHES (rIoAuadvo0), a Corinthian,
He must be the same as Polyaenus of Sardis, who commanded a Peloponnesian fleet, with which
the sophist, spoken of by Suidas, who says (s. v. he fought an indecisive battle against the Athenian
Iohovavose), that he lived in the time of the first fleet under Diphilus in the gulf of Corinth in B. c.
Caesar, Caius, that is, in the time of Julius Caesar, 413. (Thuc. vii. 34.) He is again mentioned in
and wrote A6-yoL. LKavLco! Kai 8LOYV 7-ToL arve- sB. c. 395, as one of the leading men in Corinth,
yopicwv l roT CGrw'aeLs, and apLd/auov IlapOLItoO who received money from Timocrates the Rhodian,
BLAL'a y'. The latter work probably referred to whom the satrap Tithraustes sent into Greece in
the victories over the Parthians gained by Ven- order to bribe the chief men in the different Greek
tidius. states to make war upon Sparta, and thus necessi4. The MACEDONIAN, the author of the work tate the recal of Agesilaus from his victorious
on Stratagems in war (,r'par'y7,4ara), which is career in Asia (Xen. Hell. iii. 5. ~ 1; Paus. iii. 9.
still extant, lived about the middle of the second ~ 8).
century of the Christian aera. Suidas (s. v,.) calls POLYARATUS (fIoAhvpa'Tos), a Rhodian,
him a rhetorician, and we learn from Polyaenus one of the leaders of the party in that state favourhimself that he was accustomed to plead causes able to Perseus, during the second Macedonian War.
before the emperor. (Praef. lib. ii. and lib. viii.) According to Polybils he was a man of an ostenle dedicated his work to M. Aurelius and Verus, tatious and extravagant character, and had, in conwhile they were engaged in the Parthian war, sequence, become loaded with debts, which he
about A. D. 163, at which time, he says, he was hoped to pay off by the king's assistance. At the
too old to accompany them in their campaigns. commencement of the war (B. c. 171) he united
(Praef. lib. i.) This work is divided into eight with Deinon in endeavouring, though unsuccessbooks, of which the first six contain an account fully, to induce the Rhodians to refuse the asof the stratagems of the most celebrated Greek sistance of their ships to the Roman praetor C.
generals, the seventh of those of barbarous or Lucretius; but shortly afterwards he supported
foreign people, and the eighth of the Romans, and with success the proposition made to allow Perseus
illustrious women. Parts, however, of the sixth to ransom the Macedonian captives who had fallen
and seventh books are lost, so that of the 900 into the hands of the Rhodians (Polyb. xxvii. 6,
stratagems which Polyaenus described, only 833 11). He continued throughout the war to mainhave come down to us. The work is written tain an active correspondence with Perseus; and
in a clear and pleasing style, though somewhat in the third year of the contest (a. c. 169), matters
tinged with the artificial rhetoric of the age. It having apparently taken a turn more favourable to
contains a vast number of anecdotes respecting the king, the Rhodians were induced, by his efforts
many of the most celebrated men in antiquity, and and those of Deinon, to give a favourable audience
has preserved many historical facts of which we to the ambassadors of Perseus and Gentius, and to
should otherwise have been ignorant; but its interpose their influence at Rome to put an end to
value as an historical authority is very much dimi- the war (Liv. xliv. 23, 29). But this step gave
nished by the little judgment which the author great offence to the Romans, and after the defeat of
evidently possessed, and by our ignorance of the Perseus, Polyaratus hastened to provide for his
sources from which he took his statements. There safety by flight. He took refuge at the court of
is an abridgment of this work in a Greek manu- Ptolemy, king of Egypt, but his surrender being