A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

POLLUX. POLYAEN US. 441
Suidas has preserved the titles of the following. by J. H. Lederlin and Tib. Hemstershuis, AmI.'OeosaolTr' CV,3zgAlots i', an Onomasticon in sterdam, 1706, fol.; it contains copious notes by
ten books. 2. AahAteIs 7irot Ahahial, Dissertations., Goth. Jungermann, Joach. Kuhn, and the two
3. MEAE&aL, Declamations. 4. Els Kdo'olov Kal- editors. This was followed by the edition of W.
oapas E7rOahAdAuloe, an oration on the marriage of the Dindorf, Leipzig, 1824, 5 vols. 8vo., containing
Caesar Commodus. 5. PwyaiKds Ad-yos, apanegyric the works of the previous commentators. The
on Rome. 6. "aA'r')r 4 dyahs', saovo,sKos, aTrum- last edition is by Imm. Bekker, Berlin, 1846,
peter, or a musical contest. 7. Kaa'd coiKpd'rovU, which gives only the Greek text.
a speech against Socrates. 8. Kar'd EIYW7rCev, (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 141; Vossius,
against the Sinopians. 9. IavueAAh;los, a speech De list. Graecis, p. 278, ed. Westermann; Hemdelivered before the assembled Greeks. 10.'Ap- sterhuis, Praefiatio ad Pollucent; C. F. Ranke,
scaalKso, a speech addressed to the Arcadians or in Comnletactio de Polluce et Luciano, Quedlinburg,
praise of the Arcadians. 1831; Grlifenhan, Geschicszte der Klassichen Ph/iAll these works have perished with the excep- lologie, vol. iii. p. 166, &c., Bonn, 1846; Clinton,
tion of the Onomasticon, which has come down to Fasti Roneani, sub ann. 176, 183.)
us. The latter is divided into ten books, each of POLLUX, JU'LIUS, a Byzantine writer, is
which contains a short dedication to the Caesar the author of a chronicon, which treats at some
Comnmodus, and the work was therefore published length of the creation of the world, and is therefore
before A. D. 177, since Commodus became Augustus entitled'Ir5TopLa (pvolcsr. Like most other Byin that year. Each book forms a separate treatise zantine histories, it is an universal history, beginby itself, containing the most important words ning with the creation of the world and coming
relating to certain subjects, with short explanations down to the time of the writer. The two manuof the meanings of the words, which are frequently scripts from which this work is published end with
illustrated by quotations from the ancient writers. the reign of Valens, but the Paris manuscript is
The alphabetical arrangement is not adopted, but said to come down as low as the death of Romanus,
the words are given according to the subjects A. D. 963, and also to contain what is wanting at
treated of in each book. The object of the work the conclusion of the anonymous continuation of
was to present youths with a kind of store-house, Constantinus Porphyrogenitus. The whole work
from which they could borrow all the words of is made up of extracts from Simeon Logotheta,
which they had need, and could at the same time Theophanes, and the continuation of Constantinus,
learn their usage in the best writers. The con- and relates chiefly ecclesiastical events. It was
tents of each book will give the best idea of the first published from a nlanuscript at Milan by J. B.
nature of the work. 1. The first treats of the Bianconi, under the title of Anonymni Scriptoris
gods and their worship, of kings, of speed and Historia Sacra, Bononiae, 1779, fo. Ign. Hardt
slowness, of dyeing, of commerce and manufactures, found the work in a more perfect state, and with
of fertility and the contrary, of time and the divi- the name of the author prefixed to it in a manusions of the vear, of houses, of ships, of war, of script at Munich, and, believing that it had not
horses, of agriculture, of the parts of the plough yet been printed, published it at Munich, 1792,
and the waggon, and of bees. 2. The second treats 8vo., under the title of Julii Pollucis Historia
of man, his eye, the parts of his body and the like. Physica, nune primnurn Gr. et Lat. ed. Wc. (Fabric.
3. Of relations, of political life, of friends, of the Bibi. Graec. vol. vi. p. 144; Vossius, De Hist.
love of country, of love, of the relation between Graecis, p. 278, ed. Westermann; Scholl, Gemasters and slaves, of money, of travelling, and schichte der Griechisclrns Litteratur, vol. iii. p. 257.)
numerous other subjects. 4. Of the various POLUS (rIwAos). 1. A sophist and rhetoribranches of knowledge and science. 5. Of hunt- cian, a native of Agrigentum. He was a disciple of
ing, animals, &c. 6. Of meals, the names of Gorgias (or, according to other authorities, of Licymcrimes, &c. 7. Of the different trades, &c. 8. Of nius, Schol. ad Plat. Pthaedr. p. 812), and wrote
the courts, the administration of justice, &c. 9. a work on rhetoric, called by Suidas T/X7v, as also
Of towns, buildings, coins, games, &c. 10. Of a genealogy of the Greeks and barbarians who
various vessels, &c. In consequence of the loss of were engaged in the Trojan war, with an account
the great number of lexicographical works from of their several fates; a catalogue of the ships, and
which Pollux compiled his Onomasticon, this book a work rIep! Ae'SEwv. He is introduced by Plato
has become one of the greatest value for acquiring as an interlocutor in the Gorgias. (Suidas, s. v.;
a knowledge of Greek antiquity, and explains Philostr. Vit. Sophist. i. 13, with the note of Oleamany subjects which are known to us from no rius; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 801.)
other source. It has also preserved many frag- 2. A Pythagorean, a native of Lucania. A
ments of lost writers, and the great number of fragment from a work by him on Justice is preauthors quoted in the work may be seen by a served by Stobaeus. (Serne. 9.)
glance at the long list given in Fabricius. (Bibl. 3. A celebrated tragic actor, the son of Charicles
Graec. vol. vi. p. 145, &c.) of Sunium, and a disciple of Archias of Thurii. It
The first three editions of the Onomasticon con- is related of him that at the age of 70, shortly betain simply the Greek text, without a Latin fore his death, he acted in eight tragedies on four
translation and with numerous errors: they are successive days. (Plut. Dem. p. 859, An seni ger.
by Aldus, Venice, 1502, fol., by B. Junta, Flo- sit Resp. 3. p. 785, b; Lucian. NecYo7zs. vol. i. p.
rence, 1520, fol., by S. Grynaeus, Basel, 1536, 4to. 479, ed. Hemst.) [C. P. M.]
The first Greek and Latin edition was by Wolf- POLYAENUS (IoAhv'avos), historical. 1. One
gang Seber, Frankfort, 1608, 4to., with the text of the leading men at Syracuse, B. c. 214. (Liv.
corrected from manuscripts; the Latin translation xxiv. 22.)
given in this edition had been previously published 2. Of Cyparissus, was in the company of Philoby Walther at Basel, 1541, 8vo. The next edi- poemen, when the latter killed Machanidas in B.c,
tion is the very valuable one in Greek and Latin 207. (Polyb. xi. 18. ~ 2.)