A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

412 PLEISTARCHUS. PLEISTOANAX.
the seventh Sterope, and relate that' she became the general coalition was formed against Antigo;
invisible from shame, because she alone among her nus, Pleistarchus was sent forward by his brother,
sisters had had intercourse with a mortal man; with an army of 12,000 foot and 500 horse, to
others call her Electra, and make her disappear join Lysimachus in Asia. As the Hellespont and
from the choir of her sisters on account of her entrance of the Euxine was occupied by Demegrief at the destruction of the house of Dardanus trius, he endeavoured to transport his troops from
(Hygin. Fab. 192, Poet. Astr. ii. 21). The Odessus direct to Heracleia, but lost by far the
Pleiades are said to have made away with them- greater part on the passage, some having been capselves from grief at the death of their sisters, the tured by the enemy's ships, while others perished
Hyades, or at the fate of their father, Atlas, and in a storm, in which Pleistarchus himself narrowly
were afterwards placed as stars at the back of escaped shipwreck. (Id. xx. 112.) NotwithTaurus, where they form a cluster resembling a standing this misfortune, he seems to have renbunch of grapes, whence they were sometimes called dered efficient service to the confederates, for which
B$dTpvs (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1155). According he was rewarded after the battle of Ipsus (B. c.
to another story, the Pleiades were virgin com- 301) by obtaining the province of Cilicia, as an
panions of Artemis, and, together with their mother independent government. This, however, he did
Pleione, were pursued by the hunter Orion in not long retain, being expelled from it in the folBoeotia; their prayer to be rescued from him was lowing year, by Demetrius, almost without oppoheard by the gods, and they were metamorphosed sition. (Plut. D)emletr. 31.) Hereupon he returned
into doves (lrseAsli8e), and placed among the stars to his brother Cassander, and from this time we
(Hygin. Poet. Astr. ii. 21; Schol. ad Apollon. hear no more of him. Pausanias mentions him
Ifkod. iii. 226; Pind. Nem. ii. 17). The rising as having been defeated by the Athenians in an
of the Pleiades in Italy was about the beginning of action in which he commanded the cavalry and
May, and their setting about the beginning of No- auxiliaries of Cassander; but the period at which
vember. Their names are Electra, Maia, Taygete, this event took place is uncertain. (Paus. i. 15.
Alcyone, Celaeno, Sterope, and Merope (Tzetz. ad ~ ].) It is perhaps to him that the medical
Lye. 219, comp. 149; Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 1). The writer, Diocles of Carystus, addressed his work,
scholiast of Theocritus (xiii. 25) gives the follow- which is cited more than once by Athenaeus, as
ing different set of names: Coccymo, Plaucia, Protis,'ad 7rpas IfaNe'rapXov'TyiewEd. (Athen. vii. p. 320,
Parthemia, Maia, Stonychia, Lampatho. (Comp. d, 324, f.) [E. H. B.]
Heom. I. xviii. 486, Od. v. 272; Ov. Fast. iv. 169, PLEI'STHENES (XelaOevrls),a son of Atreus,
&c.; HYADES; and Ideler, Untersuch. iiber die and husband of Aerope or Eriphyle, the daughter
Sternennamen, p. 144.) [L. S.] of Catreus, by whom he became the father of AgaPLEI'ONE (hIA\?Ml/), a daughter of Oceanus, memnon, Menelaus, and Anaxibia (Apollod. ii. 2.
and mother of the Pleiades by Atlas. (Apollod. iii. ~ 2; Schol. ad Eurip. 0r. 5; Aeschyl. Agam.
10. ~ 1; Pind. Fragm. 53; comp. ATLAS; PLEI- 1569; comp. AGAMEMNON; ATREUS). A son
ADES.) [L. S.] of Thyestes, who was killed by Atreus, was likePLEISTAE'NETUS (rIEnrTar veTos), an wise called Pleisthenes. (Hygin. Fab. 88.) [L. S.]
Athenian painter, the brother of Pheidias, is men- PLEISTO'ANAX (Il;eLaroeTdval, IlieLrdtioned by Plutarch (De Glor. Athen. ii. p. 346) vat), the nineteenth king of Sparta in the line of
among the most celebrated painters, such as Apol- the Agidae, was the eldest son of the Pausanias
lodorus, Euphranor, Nicias, and Asclepiodorus, who who conquered at Plataea in B. c. 479. On the
painted victories, battles, and heroes; but there is death of Pleistarchus, in B. C. 458, without issue,
no other mention of him. [P. S.] Pleistoanax succeeded to the throne, being yet a
PLEISTARCHUS (IAhe[raapXos). I. King minor, so that in the expedition of the Lacedaeof Sparta, of the line of the Agids, was the son and monians in behalf of the Dorians against Phocis,
successor of the heroic Leonidas, who was killed in B. c. 457, his uncle Nicomedes, son of Cleomat Thermopylae, a. c. 489. He was a mere child broths, commanded for him. (Thuc. i. 107; Diod.
at the time of his father's death, on which account xi. 79; Paus. i. 13, iii. 5.) In B. c. 445 he led
the regency was assumed by his cousin Pausanias, in person an invasion into Attica, being however,
who commanded the Greeks at Plataea. (Herod. in consequence of his youth, accompanied by Cleix. 10; Paus. iii. 4. ~ 9.) It appears that the andridas as a counsellor. The premature withlatter continued to administer affairs in the name drawal of his army from the enemy's territory
of the young king till his own death, about B. c. exposed both Cleandridas and himself to the sus467 (Thuc. i. 132). Whether Pleistarchus was picion of having been bribed by Pericles, and,
then of age to take the reins of government into according to Plutarch, while Cleandridas fled from
his own hands we know not, but Pausanias tells Sparta and was condemned to death in his abus that he died shortly after assuming the sove- sence, the young king was punished byaheavyfine,
reignty, while it appears, from the date assigned which he was unable to pay, and was therefore
by Diodorus to the reign of his successor Pleisto- obliged to leave his country. Pleistoanax remained
anax, that his death could not have taken place nineteen years in exile, taking up his abode near
till the year B. c. 458. (Paus. iii. 5. ~ 1; Diod. the temple of Zeus on Mount Lycaeus in Arcadia,
xiii. 75; Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p. 210.) No par- and having half his house within the sacred preticulars of his reign are recorded to us. cincts that he might enjoy the benefit of the
2. Son of Antipater and brother of Cassander, sanctuary. During this period his son Pausanias,
king of Macedonia. He is first mentioned in the a minor, reigned in his stead. The Spartans at
year B. c. 313, when he was left by his brother in length recalled him in B. c. 426, in obedience to
the command of Chalcis, to make head against the repeated injunctions of the Delphic oracle,Ptolemy, the general of Antigonus, when Cas- " to bring back the seed of the demi-god, the son
sander himself was recalled to the defence of Mace- of Zeus; else they should plough with a silver
donia. (Diod. xix. 77.) Again, in a. c. 302, when plough;" —and his restoration was accompanied